Protocol

Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays)

Zero-shot: pseudo-log-likelihood difference from token logits; AUC reported as median over assays (Supplementary Table 11).

35 evaluations · 35 results

Overview

An explanatory profile has not yet been reviewed for this record.

Consult the linked sources for architecture or protocol details. Missing evidence is not evidence of a missing capability.

35 recorded evaluations, 35 metric rows. A comparison chart has not yet been validated for these results. The table retains the individual findings and their sources.

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Results

Results are available, but no reviewed comparison panel is linked in this release.

All evaluations

35 evaluations · 35 results. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.

Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) · Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)

Sorted by AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) (higher is better). The best value in each column is highlighted. Decimals are rounded for display; each value links to the printed value and its source.

Tested configuration	AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays)
EVO1.5 (8k_base) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.586 (best in column)
RiNALMo (mega) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.571
AIDO.RNA (1.6B) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.564
Uni-RNA (L8) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.563
AIDO.RNA (650M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.558
RFamLlama (Base) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.556
Uni-RNA (L12) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.556
DGRNA (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.555
LAMAR (2k) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.552
RiNALMo (giga) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.552
RFamLlama (Large) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.551
RNA-FM (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.55
RiNALMo (micro) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.549
3UTRBERT (K4) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.548
NT (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.547
LAMAR (4k) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.545
LucaOne (G36.8M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.544
LucaOne (D17.6M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.543
SpliceBERT (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.543
Uni-RNA (L16) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.543
DNABERT-2 (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.542
PlantRNA-FM (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.542
RNAErnie (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.541
MP-RNA (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.539
EVO1 (8k_base) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.538
3UTRBERT (K6) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.537
ProtRNA (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.536
DNABERT (k=6) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.535
GenerRNA (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.535
RNABERT (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.534
3UTRBERT (K5) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.533
UTR_LM (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.533
DNABERT (k=3) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.531
LucaOne (D36.0M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.531
3UTRBERT (K3) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)Evaluation	0.517

All 35 result rows with coverage, uncertainty and sources

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Tested model or methodProtocolDatasetEvaluation setupMetricEvidence origin

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Exact evaluated configurations and original reported results
Tested configuration	Protocol and dataset	Finding	Evidence and details
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K3) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.517 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K3) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row '3UTRBERT (K3)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K4) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.548 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K4) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row '3UTRBERT (K4)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K5) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.533 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K5) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row '3UTRBERT (K5)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K6) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.537 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K6) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row '3UTRBERT (K6)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: AIDO.RNA (1.6B) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.564 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source AIDO.RNA (1.6B) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'AIDO.RNA (1.6B)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: AIDO.RNA (650M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.558 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source AIDO.RNA (650M) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'AIDO.RNA (650M)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: DGRNA (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.555 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source DGRNA zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'DGRNA', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: DNABERT-2 (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.542 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source DNABERT-2 zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'DNABERT-2', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: DNABERT (k=3) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.531 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source DNABERT (k=3) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'DNABERT (k=3)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: DNABERT (k=6) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.535 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source DNABERT (k=6) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'DNABERT (k=6)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: EVO1.5 (8k_base) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.586 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source EVO1.5 (8k_base) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'EVO1.5 (8k_base)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: EVO1 (8k_base) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.538 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source EVO1 (8k_base) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'EVO1 (8k_base)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: GenerRNA (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.535 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source GenerRNA zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'GenerRNA', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: LAMAR (2k) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.552 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source LAMAR (2k) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'LAMAR (2k)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: LAMAR (4k) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.545 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source LAMAR (4k) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'LAMAR (4k)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: LucaOne (D17.6M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.543 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source LucaOne (D17.6M) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'LucaOne (D17.6M)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: LucaOne (D36.0M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.531 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source LucaOne (D36.0M) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'LucaOne (D36.0M)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: LucaOne (G36.8M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.544 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source LucaOne (G36.8M) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'LucaOne (G36.8M)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: MP-RNA (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.539 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source MP-RNA zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'MP-RNA', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: NT (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.547 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source NT zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'NT', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: PlantRNA-FM (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.542 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source PlantRNA-FM zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'PlantRNA-FM', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: ProtRNA (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.536 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProtRNA zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'ProtRNA', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: RFamLlama (Base) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.556 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source RFamLlama (Base) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'RFamLlama (Base)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: RFamLlama (Large) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.551 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source RFamLlama (Large) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'RFamLlama (Large)', column 'AUC' (Median)
Configuration: RiNALMo (giga) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot fitness, RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays), PLL-D, AUC (median over assays) Dataset: RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.552 AUROC (PLL-D; median over assays) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source RiNALMo (giga) zero-shot fitness on RNAGym ncRNA DMS assays (31 assays) (PLL-D, AUC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 11, row 'RiNALMo (giga)', column 'AUC' (Median)

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Claims, original sources and review scope · Release 2026-10-22-1b7cf027e4f6
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Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information · Original source · bbag098_supplymentary_information_20260209.docx from the Europe PMC supplementary files archive for PMC12963973
Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Original source · Briefings in Bioinformatics 2026, bbag098 (issue date 2026-03-01); PMC12963973 full-text XML

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Stable ID: lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t11-auc-median

areas: rna-transcriptomes
contexts: research
protocol: Zero-shot: pseudo-log-likelihood difference from token logits. Metric AUC, median over assays.
version: Wang et al. 2026
metric: auroc
metric direction: higher
unit: unitless
metric qualifier: PLL-D; median over assays
source locator: Supplementary Table 11 caption and column 'AUC'; main text Methods
limitations: Zero-shot only; no fine-tuning or task head.; Binarisation for MCC, F1 and AUC in the fitness task is not described in the main text or supplement.

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