| Configuration: Alternative post-hoc detection criterion (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 58% Recall (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 52 to 64 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlternative post-hoc detection criterion on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance' paragraph 6: "increased sensitivity to 58% (95% CI 52-64%; 159/274)" |
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| Configuration: Alternative post-hoc detection criterion (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 83% Recall (targets with study qPCR Ct < 35; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 76 to 88 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlternative post-hoc detection criterion on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)' paragraph 2: "increased further to 83% (95% CI, 76-88%) when restricting to qPCR Ct <35" |
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| Configuration: Alternative post-hoc detection criterion (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 75% Recall (targets detectable by study qPCR; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 68 to 81 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlternative post-hoc detection criterion on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)' paragraph 2: "sensitivity increased to 75% (95% CI, 68-81%)" |
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| Configuration: Alternative post-hoc detection criterion (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 70% Recall (RNA pathogen targets excluding rhinovirus and enterovirus; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 63 to 76 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlternative post-hoc detection criterion on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by pathogen' paragraph 2 (after Figure 6 and its legend): "increased overall sensitivity using the alternative criteria further to 70% (145/207) (95% CI 63%-76%)" |
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| Configuration: Alternative post-hoc detection criterion (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 61% Recall (RNA pathogen targets only (adenovirus and bacteria excluded); target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 55 to 67 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlternative post-hoc detection criterion on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by pathogen' paragraph 2 (after Figure 6 and its legend): "increased sensitivity using the alternative criteria to 61% (159/260) (95% CI 55-67%)" |
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| Configuration: Alternative post-hoc detection criterion (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 99.9% Specificity (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 99.8 to 100 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlternative post-hoc detection criterion on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance' paragraph 6: "improved specificity to 99.9% (95% CI 99.8-100%; 4015/4017)" |
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| Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 127 False negatives (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) count · lower Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: No interval printed with this value Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourcePre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance' paragraph 4: "There were 127 false-negative results" |
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| Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | nine False positives (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) count · lower Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: No interval printed with this value Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourcePre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance' paragraph 5: "There were nine false-positive pathogen detections by sequencing" |
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| Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 51% Recall (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 45 to 57 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourcePre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance' paragraph 4: "133/260 (51%, 95%CI: 45-57%) PCR-positive results (i.e. gold-standard positives) were also detected by sequencing" |
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| Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 58% Recall (pathogen target: influenza A; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 40 to 75 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourcePre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by pathogen' paragraph 1: "influenza A 58% (95% CI: 40-75%)" |
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| Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 19% Recall (pathogen target: rhinovirus/enterovirus; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 8 to 29 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourcePre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by pathogen' paragraph 1: "rhinovirus/enterovirus 19% (95% CI: 8-29%)" |
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| Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 85% Recall (pathogen target: RSV; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 75 to 95 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourcePre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by pathogen' paragraph 1: "RSV 85% (95% CI: 75-95%)" |
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| Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 65% Recall (pathogen target: SARS-CoV-2; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 53 to 78 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourcePre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by pathogen' paragraph 1: "SARS-CoV-2 65% (95% CI: 53-78%)" |
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| Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026) | Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026) | 99.8% Specificity (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: No interval printed with this value Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Author-reported evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourcePre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation Aggregation: Not reported Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance' paragraph 5: "3901/3910 (99.8%) targets negative by PCR (as tested in the original assays) were also not detected from sequencing" |
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