rewirebio.iobenchmarks
Evaluation

Pre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)

Published clinical validation; transcribed, not reproduced.

Evaluation results

1 evaluation · 8 results. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.

Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026) · Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026)

Sorted by False negatives (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR) (lower is better). The best value in each column is highlighted. Decimals are rounded for display; each value links to the printed value and its source.

Tested configurationFalse negatives (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)False positives (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)Recall (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)Recall (pathogen target: influenza A; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)Recall (pathogen target: rhinovirus/enterovirus; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)Recall (pathogen target: RSV; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)Recall (pathogen target: SARS-CoV-2; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)Specificity (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)
Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026)Evaluation127nine51%58%19%85%65%99.8%
All 8 result rows with coverage, uncertainty and sources
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Exact evaluated configurations and original reported results
Tested configurationProtocol and datasetFindingEvidence and details
Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026)Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)
Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026)
127 False negatives (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)
count · lower

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: No interval printed with this value

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Pre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)

rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation

Aggregation: Not reported

Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance' paragraph 4: "There were 127 false-negative results"
Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026)Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)
Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026)
nine False positives (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)
count · lower

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: No interval printed with this value

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Pre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)

rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation

Aggregation: Not reported

Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance' paragraph 5: "There were nine false-positive pathogen detections by sequencing"
Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026)Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)
Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026)
51% Recall (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)
percent · higher

Uncertainty: 95% CI 45 to 57

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Pre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)

rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation

Aggregation: Not reported

Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance' paragraph 4: "133/260 (51%, 95%CI: 45-57%) PCR-positive results (i.e. gold-standard positives) were also detected by sequencing"
Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026)Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)
Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026)
58% Recall (pathogen target: influenza A; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)
percent · higher

Uncertainty: 95% CI 40 to 75

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Pre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)

rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation

Aggregation: Not reported

Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by pathogen' paragraph 1: "influenza A 58% (95% CI: 40-75%)"
Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026)Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)
Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026)
19% Recall (pathogen target: rhinovirus/enterovirus; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)
percent · higher

Uncertainty: 95% CI 8 to 29

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Pre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)

rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation

Aggregation: Not reported

Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by pathogen' paragraph 1: "rhinovirus/enterovirus 19% (95% CI: 8-29%)"
Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026)Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)
Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026)
85% Recall (pathogen target: RSV; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)
percent · higher

Uncertainty: 95% CI 75 to 95

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Pre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)

rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation

Aggregation: Not reported

Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by pathogen' paragraph 1: "RSV 85% (95% CI: 75-95%)"
Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026)Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)
Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026)
65% Recall (pathogen target: SARS-CoV-2; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)
percent · higher

Uncertainty: 95% CI 53 to 78

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Pre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)

rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation

Aggregation: Not reported

Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Performance by pathogen' paragraph 1: "SARS-CoV-2 65% (95% CI: 53-78%)"
Configuration: Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026)Protocol: Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)
Dataset: Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026)
99.8% Specificity (all PCR targets; target level; reference: routine multiplex PCR)
percent · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: No interval printed with this value

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Pre-specified detection criteria on the validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)

rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation

Aggregation: Not reported

Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study · Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance' paragraph 5: "3901/3910 (99.8%) targets negative by PCR (as tested in the original assays) were also not detected from sequencing"

Source checking is not independent reproduction. Release 2026-10-22-1b7cf027e4f6.

Research readiness

0 of 4 readiness checks met. These checks assess whether the evidence supports a reproducible investigation; a source-checked score alone does not meet them.

Readiness checks, gaps and artifacts

Release 2026-10-22-1b7cf027e4f6 · Evidence verified: Not verified

Evidence incomplete

Replay metrics

Exact outcomes, predictions, identifiers and evaluator are connected.

Missing or unresolved evidence

  • No verified artifact manifest is linked to this exact record.
  • File checksums match the recorded files: not yet verified
  • Predictions are matched to the right samples: not yet verified
  • Score meaning and direction are confirmed: not yet verified
  • Metrics are recomputed from the saved predictions: not yet verified

Verified: Not verified

Evidence incomplete

Investigate discrepancies

Replay evidence includes annotations and an assessment of dependence. Unknown independence permits descriptive analysis only.

Missing or unresolved evidence

  • No verified artifact manifest is linked to this exact record.
  • File checksums match the recorded files: not yet verified
  • Predictions are matched to the right samples: not yet verified
  • Score meaning and direction are confirmed: not yet verified
  • Metrics are recomputed from the saved predictions: not yet verified
  • Sample annotations are recorded: not yet verified
  • Dependence between samples is assessed: not yet verified

Verified: Not verified

Evidence incomplete

Run locally

A pinned recipe describes the inputs, environment and resource requirements.

Missing or unresolved evidence

  • No verified artifact manifest is linked to this exact record.
  • File checksums match the recorded files: not yet verified
  • Predictions are matched to the right samples: not yet verified
  • Score meaning and direction are confirmed: not yet verified
  • A pinned run recipe exists: not yet verified
  • Compute requirements are estimated: not yet verified

Verified: Not verified

Evidence incomplete

Validate independently

Separate data and exposure records support an independent test.

Missing or unresolved evidence

  • No verified artifact manifest is linked to this exact record.
  • File checksums match the recorded files: not yet verified
  • Predictions are matched to the right samples: not yet verified
  • Score meaning and direction are confirmed: not yet verified
  • Independent validation data exist: not yet verified
  • Overlap with training data is checked: not yet verified

Verified: Not verified

Readiness describes the evidence in this release. Availability on your computer is checked separately when an investigation runs. Existing data exposure can prevent independent validation even when files are available.

Artifacts and reproduction

No verified artifact manifest is connected to this record yet. The gaps above identify what is needed before analysis can begin.

Evaluation procedure

Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)

Configuration
Pre-specified detection criteria (Sanderson et al. 2026)
Protocol
Target-level detection of respiratory pathogens against routine multiplex PCR, validation set (Sanderson et al. 2026)
Dataset
Validation set: 344 prospectively collected nasopharyngeal swabs (Sanderson et al. 2026)
origin
Author-reported evaluation
configuration
Preprint v2 as retrieved 2026-10-11
protocol id
rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation
dataset version
Validation set, 344 nasopharyngeal swabs
split
Validation set
population
Pathogen targets in the samples passing QC
inputs
RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs in viral transport medium
adaptation
Thresholds fixed on the derivation set: (genome coverage >= 1 read > 0.25% OR area under the genome > 0.003 OR reads mapping to the reference > 0.006%) AND >= 2 target reads AND ratio criterion > 0.1; super-accuracy basecalling
metric implementation
Target-level sensitivity and specificity against routine multiplex PCR
aggregation
All targets in samples passing QC, or the stated subset
budget
Not reported

Metadata review: source checked. Unreported conditions prevent automatic comparisons.

Reproduction

Split
Validation set
Adaptation
Thresholds fixed on the derivation set: (genome coverage >= 1 read > 0.25% OR area under the genome > 0.003 OR reads mapping to the reference > 0.006%) AND >= 2 target reads AND ratio criterion > 0.1; super-accuracy basecalling
Scoring implementation
Target-level sensitivity and specificity against routine multiplex PCR

No execution recipe has been verified for this exact configuration and evaluation. A benchmark's general instructions may use different inputs, splits or model settings.

Reproducing this published result requires matching its model configuration, data, split and scorer. Source checking or a successful smoke test does not establish score reproduction.

Evidence

Source checking verifies the cited claim or transcription. It does not establish independent reproduction.

Evidence table

Inspect claims, sources and review details

Trace each statement to its source and review. A context-only reference supports the record generally; it does not verify an individual field. Source checking does not reproduce an experiment.

One row per statement and cited source. Multiple citations are not independent evaluations. Shared locators are labelled explicitly.

19 evidence rows matching the loaded filters

Claims, original sources and review scope · Release 2026-10-22-1b7cf027e4f6
Property and statementOriginal source and locationReview and provenance
Comparison: adaptation
Thresholds fixed on the derivation set: (genome coverage >= 1 read > 0.25% OR area under the genome > 0.003 OR reads mapping to the reference > 0.006%) AND >= 2 target reads AND ratio criterion > 0.1; super-accuracy basecalling
Context-only references
Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study

Original source ↗

Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance', 'Performance by pathogen' and 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)'

Version: medRxiv 10.64898/2026.02.06.26345651 v2, posted 2026-02-26; JATS XML
Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:38:13Z

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

author reported

Audit details

Field: attributes.comparison.adaptation

Source artifact SHA-256: c0bc5c035742f53fe291e08b9d956102e102fd743a55de503f00bcaead36a7e2

Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record

Inspected artifact

Comparison: aggregation
All targets in samples passing QC, or the stated subset
Context-only references
Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study

Original source ↗

Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance', 'Performance by pathogen' and 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)'

Version: medRxiv 10.64898/2026.02.06.26345651 v2, posted 2026-02-26; JATS XML
Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:38:13Z

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

author reported

Audit details

Field: attributes.comparison.aggregation

Source artifact SHA-256: c0bc5c035742f53fe291e08b9d956102e102fd743a55de503f00bcaead36a7e2

Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record

Inspected artifact

Comparison: budget
Not reported
Context-only references
Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study

Original source ↗

Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance', 'Performance by pathogen' and 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)'

Version: medRxiv 10.64898/2026.02.06.26345651 v2, posted 2026-02-26; JATS XML
Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:38:13Z

missing or unspecified

No individual claim review recorded

author reported

Audit details

Field: attributes.comparison.budget

Source artifact SHA-256: c0bc5c035742f53fe291e08b9d956102e102fd743a55de503f00bcaead36a7e2

Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record

Inspected artifact

Comparison: dataset version
Validation set, 344 nasopharyngeal swabs
Context-only references
Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study

Original source ↗

Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance', 'Performance by pathogen' and 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)'

Version: medRxiv 10.64898/2026.02.06.26345651 v2, posted 2026-02-26; JATS XML
Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:38:13Z

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

author reported

Audit details

Field: attributes.comparison.dataset_version

Source artifact SHA-256: c0bc5c035742f53fe291e08b9d956102e102fd743a55de503f00bcaead36a7e2

Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record

Inspected artifact

Comparison: inputs
RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs in viral transport medium
Context-only references
Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study

Original source ↗

Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance', 'Performance by pathogen' and 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)'

Version: medRxiv 10.64898/2026.02.06.26345651 v2, posted 2026-02-26; JATS XML
Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:38:13Z

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

author reported

Audit details

Field: attributes.comparison.inputs

Source artifact SHA-256: c0bc5c035742f53fe291e08b9d956102e102fd743a55de503f00bcaead36a7e2

Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record

Inspected artifact

Comparison: metric implementation
Target-level sensitivity and specificity against routine multiplex PCR
Context-only references
Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study

Original source ↗

Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance', 'Performance by pathogen' and 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)'

Version: medRxiv 10.64898/2026.02.06.26345651 v2, posted 2026-02-26; JATS XML
Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:38:13Z

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

author reported

Audit details

Field: attributes.comparison.metric_implementation

Source artifact SHA-256: c0bc5c035742f53fe291e08b9d956102e102fd743a55de503f00bcaead36a7e2

Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record

Inspected artifact

Comparison: population
Pathogen targets in the samples passing QC
Context-only references
Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study

Original source ↗

Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance', 'Performance by pathogen' and 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)'

Version: medRxiv 10.64898/2026.02.06.26345651 v2, posted 2026-02-26; JATS XML
Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:38:13Z

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

author reported

Audit details

Field: attributes.comparison.population

Source artifact SHA-256: c0bc5c035742f53fe291e08b9d956102e102fd743a55de503f00bcaead36a7e2

Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record

Inspected artifact

Comparison: protocol id
rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation
Context-only references
Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study

Original source ↗

Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance', 'Performance by pathogen' and 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)'

Version: medRxiv 10.64898/2026.02.06.26345651 v2, posted 2026-02-26; JATS XML
Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:38:13Z

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

author reported

Audit details

Field: attributes.comparison.protocol_id

Source artifact SHA-256: c0bc5c035742f53fe291e08b9d956102e102fd743a55de503f00bcaead36a7e2

Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record

Inspected artifact

Comparison: split
Validation set
Context-only references
Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study

Original source ↗

Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance', 'Performance by pathogen' and 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)'

Version: medRxiv 10.64898/2026.02.06.26345651 v2, posted 2026-02-26; JATS XML
Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:38:13Z

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

author reported

Audit details

Field: attributes.comparison.split

Source artifact SHA-256: c0bc5c035742f53fe291e08b9d956102e102fd743a55de503f00bcaead36a7e2

Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record

Inspected artifact

Limitations
1 values
  • Single laboratory workflow; the two configurations differ only in the bioinformatic detection criteria.
Context-only references
Clinical validation of a novel metagenomic nanopore sequencing method for detecting viral respiratory pathogens: diagnostic accuracy study

Original source ↗

Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance', 'Performance by pathogen' and 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)'

Version: medRxiv 10.64898/2026.02.06.26345651 v2, posted 2026-02-26; JATS XML
Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:38:13Z

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

author reported

Audit details

Field: attributes.limitations

Source artifact SHA-256: c0bc5c035742f53fe291e08b9d956102e102fd743a55de503f00bcaead36a7e2

Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record

Inspected artifact

How to read the evidence

Sources and history

Release 2026-10-22-1b7cf027e4f6 · Record review: source checked

1 source record and release historyDownload this release (gzip)
Technical metadata and extraction receipts

Stable ID: rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-eval-prespecified

areas
microbes-communities
contexts
clinical_research
origin
author_reported
protocol
rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation
version
Preprint v2 as retrieved 2026-10-11
comparison
protocol id: rna-pathogen-20261011-sanderson2026-protocol-validation; dataset version: Validation set, 344 nasopharyngeal swabs; split: Validation set; population: Pathogen targets in the samples passing QC; inputs: RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs in viral transport medium; adaptation: Thresholds fixed on the derivation set: (genome coverage >= 1 read > 0.25% OR area under the genome > 0.003 OR reads mapping to the reference > 0.006%) AND >= 2 target reads AND ratio criterion > 0.1; super-accuracy basecalling; metric implementation: Target-level sensitivity and specificity against routine multiplex PCR; aggregation: All targets in samples passing QC, or the stated subset; budget: Not reported
source locator
Results 'Validation Set: Diagnostic performance', 'Performance by pathogen' and 'Performance by viral load (Cn,Ct)'
limitations
Single laboratory workflow; the two configurations differ only in the bioinformatic detection criteria.
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