Dataset

TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)

Independent test set of 70 PDB RNA structures with base pairs from 3D structures; sequence identity < 80% and TM-score < 0.45 to the VL1 validation set.

Evaluation results

128 evaluations · 128 results. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.

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Tested model or methodProtocolDatasetEvaluation setupMetricEvidence origin

Applied filters: All linked evaluations

Exact evaluated configurations and original reported results
Tested configuration	Protocol and dataset	Finding	Evidence and details
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K3) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.022±0.027 F1 (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.027 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K3) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K3)', column 'F1 score' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K3) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.013 F1 (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K3) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K3)', column 'F1 score' (Median)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K3) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.004±0.030 MCC (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.030 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K3) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K3)', column 'MCC' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K3) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	-0.002 MCC (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K3) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K3)', column 'MCC' (Median)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K4) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.018±0.027 F1 (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.027 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K4) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K4)', column 'F1 score' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K4) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0 F1 (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K4) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K4)', column 'F1 score' (Median)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K4) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.001±0.026 MCC (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.026 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K4) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K4)', column 'MCC' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K4) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	-0.005 MCC (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K4) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K4)', column 'MCC' (Median)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K5) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.023±0.034 F1 (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.034 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K5) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K5)', column 'F1 score' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K5) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.003 F1 (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K5) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K5)', column 'F1 score' (Median)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K5) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.007±0.040 MCC (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.040 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K5) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K5)', column 'MCC' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K5) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	-0.002 MCC (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K5) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K5)', column 'MCC' (Median)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K6) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.022±0.012 F1 (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.012 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K6) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K6)', column 'F1 score' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K6) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.021 F1 (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K6) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K6)', column 'F1 score' (Median)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K6) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.003±0.032 MCC (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.032 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K6) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K6)', column 'MCC' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: 3UTRBERT (K6) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.008 MCC (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source 3UTRBERT (K6) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row '3UTRBERT (K6)', column 'MCC' (Median)
Configuration: AIDO.RNA (1.6B) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.508±0.263 F1 (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.263 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source AIDO.RNA (1.6B) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row 'AIDO.RNA (1.6B)', column 'F1 score' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: AIDO.RNA (1.6B) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.579 F1 (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source AIDO.RNA (1.6B) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row 'AIDO.RNA (1.6B)', column 'F1 score' (Median)
Configuration: AIDO.RNA (1.6B) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.518±0.258 MCC (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.258 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source AIDO.RNA (1.6B) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row 'AIDO.RNA (1.6B)', column 'MCC' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: AIDO.RNA (1.6B) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.595 MCC (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source AIDO.RNA (1.6B) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row 'AIDO.RNA (1.6B)', column 'MCC' (Median)
Configuration: AIDO.RNA (650M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.402±0.234 F1 (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.234 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source AIDO.RNA (650M) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row 'AIDO.RNA (650M)', column 'F1 score' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: AIDO.RNA (650M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.438 F1 (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source AIDO.RNA (650M) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row 'AIDO.RNA (650M)', column 'F1 score' (Median)
Configuration: AIDO.RNA (650M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.427±0.235 MCC (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.235 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source AIDO.RNA (650M) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row 'AIDO.RNA (650M)', column 'MCC' (Mean ± Std)
Configuration: AIDO.RNA (650M) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, MCC (median over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.469 MCC (attention; median over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source AIDO.RNA (650M) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, MCC, median) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-mcc-median Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row 'AIDO.RNA (650M)', column 'MCC' (Median)
Configuration: DNABERT (k=3) (zero-shot, Wang et al. 2026)	Protocol: Wang et al. 2026 zero-shot secondary structure, TS test set (70 PDB structures), attention, F1 score (mean over structures) Dataset: TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026)	0.011±0.019 F1 (attention; mean over structures) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SD 0.019 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source DNABERT (k=3) zero-shot secondary structure on TS test set (70 PDB structures) (attention, F1 score, mean) lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-protocol-t4-f1-score-mean Aggregation: Not reported Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models: Supplementary Information; Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Supplementary Table 4, row 'DNABERT (k=3)', column 'F1 score' (Mean ± Std)

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Claims, original sources and review scope · Release 2026-10-22-1b7cf027e4f6
Property and statement	Original source and location	Review and provenance
Source location Main text Methods 'Datasets' Context-only references	Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning Original source ↗ Main text Methods 'Datasets' Version: Briefings in Bioinformatics 2026, bbag098 (issue date 2026-03-01); PMC12963973 full-text XML Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:27:04Z	not individually reviewed No individual claim review recorded Audit details Field: `attributes.source_locator` Source artifact SHA-256: `835b64d52ae892cad113e798b2976c398dc9ed12178f675e0eabd2169f533808` Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record Inspected artifact
Split Test (TS) Context-only references	Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning Original source ↗ Main text Methods 'Datasets' Version: Briefings in Bioinformatics 2026, bbag098 (issue date 2026-03-01); PMC12963973 full-text XML Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:27:04Z	not individually reviewed No individual claim review recorded Audit details Field: `attributes.split` Source artifact SHA-256: `835b64d52ae892cad113e798b2976c398dc9ed12178f675e0eabd2169f533808` Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record Inspected artifact
Version As constructed by Wang et al. 2026 (Zenodo record 18218776) Context-only references	Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning Original source ↗ Main text Methods 'Datasets' Version: Briefings in Bioinformatics 2026, bbag098 (issue date 2026-03-01); PMC12963973 full-text XML Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:27:04Z	not individually reviewed No individual claim review recorded Audit details Field: `attributes.version` Source artifact SHA-256: `835b64d52ae892cad113e798b2976c398dc9ed12178f675e0eabd2169f533808` Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record Inspected artifact
Description Independent test set of 70 PDB RNA structures with base pairs from 3D structures; sequence identity < 80% and TM-score < 0.45 to the VL1 validation set. Context-only references	Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning Original source ↗ Main text Methods 'Datasets' Version: Briefings in Bioinformatics 2026, bbag098 (issue date 2026-03-01); PMC12963973 full-text XML Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:27:04Z	not individually reviewed No individual claim review recorded Audit details Field: `description` Source artifact SHA-256: `835b64d52ae892cad113e798b2976c398dc9ed12178f675e0eabd2169f533808` Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record Inspected artifact
Name TS test set (70 PDB structures) (Wang et al. 2026) Context-only references	Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning Original source ↗ Main text Methods 'Datasets' Version: Briefings in Bioinformatics 2026, bbag098 (issue date 2026-03-01); PMC12963973 full-text XML Retrieved: 2026-10-11T21:27:04Z	not individually reviewed No individual claim review recorded Audit details Field: `name` Source artifact SHA-256: `835b64d52ae892cad113e798b2976c398dc9ed12178f675e0eabd2169f533808` Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record Inspected artifact

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Zero-shot benchmarking of RNA language models in structural, functional, and evolutionary learning · Original source · Briefings in Bioinformatics 2026, bbag098 (issue date 2026-03-01); PMC12963973 full-text XML

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Technical metadata and extraction receipts

Stable ID: lit-rna-20261011-rnalm-zeroshot-data-ts

areas: rna-transcriptomes
contexts: research
version: As constructed by Wang et al. 2026 (Zenodo record 18218776)
split: Test (TS)
source locator: Main text Methods 'Datasets'

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