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Dataset

Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Dataset and cohort used in the cited comparison. Dataset population counts do not establish successful prediction coverage.

Research readiness

These checks assess whether the evidence supports a reproducible investigation. A source-checked score alone does not meet these requirements.

Release 2026-09-29-06401fd5b220 · Evidence verified: Not verified

Evidence incomplete

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Verified: Not verified

Evidence incomplete

Investigate discrepancies

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Verified: Not verified

Evidence incomplete

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Verified: Not verified

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Read reviewed discrepancy investigations

Evaluation results

3 evaluations · 21 results. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.

Filter evaluations

Applied filters: All linked evaluations

Exact evaluated configurations and original reported results
Tested configurationProtocol and datasetFindingEvidence and details
Configuration: ESM OnlyProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.85 ± 0.036 AUPRC
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.036

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

ESM Only: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row ESM Only, column AUPRC; XML row3 column7
Configuration: CombinedProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.85 ± 0.021 MCC
dimensionless · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.021

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Combined: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Combined, column MCC; XML row4 column6
Configuration: OriginalProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.94 AUROC
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Original: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Original, column AUROC; XML row2 column8
Configuration: ESM OnlyProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.98 ± 0.004 Specificity
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.004

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

ESM Only: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row ESM Only, column Specificity; XML row3 column4
Configuration: CombinedProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.99 ± 0.004 Specificity
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.004

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Combined: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Combined, column Specificity; XML row4 column4
Configuration: ESM OnlyProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.75 ± 0.063 Sensitivity
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.063

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

ESM Only: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row ESM Only, column Sensitivity; XML row3 column3
Configuration: CombinedProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.97 ± 0.004 Weighted F1
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.004

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Combined: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Combined, column Weighted F1; XML row4 column5
Configuration: OriginalProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.96 ± 0.008 Weighted F1
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.008

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Original: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Original, column Weighted F1; XML row2 column5
Configuration: ESM OnlyProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.96 ± 0.005 Val Accuracy
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.005

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

ESM Only: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row ESM Only, column Val Accuracy; XML row3 column2
Configuration: OriginalProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.78 ± 0.046 MCC
dimensionless · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.046

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Original: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Original, column MCC; XML row2 column6
Configuration: CombinedProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.97 ± 0.004 Val Accuracy
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.004

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Combined: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Combined, column Val Accuracy; XML row4 column2
Configuration: OriginalProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.84 ± 0.049 AUPRC
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.049

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Original: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Original, column AUPRC; XML row2 column7
Configuration: CombinedProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.92 ± 0.013 AUPRC
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.013

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Combined: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Combined, column AUPRC; XML row4 column7
Configuration: ESM OnlyProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.77 ± 0.043 MCC
dimensionless · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.043

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

ESM Only: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row ESM Only, column MCC; XML row3 column6
Configuration: OriginalProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.74 ± 0.071 Sensitivity
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.071

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Original: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Original, column Sensitivity; XML row2 column3
Configuration: OriginalProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.96 ± 0.008 Val Accuracy
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.008

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Original: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Original, column Val Accuracy; XML row2 column2
Configuration: ESM OnlyProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.94 AUROC
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

ESM Only: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row ESM Only, column AUROC; XML row3 column8
Configuration: CombinedProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.83 ± 0.045 Sensitivity
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.045

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Combined: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Combined, column Sensitivity; XML row4 column3
Configuration: OriginalProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.99 ± 0.004 Specificity
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.004

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Original: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Original, column Specificity; XML row2 column4
Configuration: ESM OnlyProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.96 ± 0.007 Weighted F1
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: type: reported_plus_minus_type_unresolved; value: 0.007

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

ESM Only: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row ESM Only, column Weighted F1; XML row3 column5
Configuration: CombinedProtocol: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison (vaccine-antigen candidate prediction)
Dataset: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
0.97 AUROC
fraction · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Author-reported evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

Combined: Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Original 509 features vs ESM 1,280 features vs combined 1,789 features. 372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.

Aggregation: Not reported

Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features · Table 1., row Combined, column AUROC; XML row4 column8

Source checking is not independent reproduction. Release 2026-09-29-06401fd5b220.

Dataset and evaluation context

A dataset supplies biological observations. The evaluation protocol defines how those observations are split, used and scored.

Evidence

Source checking verifies the cited claim or transcription. It does not establish independent reproduction.

Evidence table

Inspect claims, sources and review details

Trace each statement to its source and review. A context-only reference supports the record generally; it does not verify an individual field. Source checking does not reproduce an experiment.

One row per statement and cited source. Multiple citations are not independent evaluations. Shared locators are labelled explicitly.

6 evidence rows matching the loaded filters

Claims, original sources and review scope · Release 2026-09-29-06401fd5b220
Property and statementOriginal source and locationReview and provenance
attributes.reported_population
Not reported
Context-only references
Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features

Original source ↗

Table 1.: Val Accuracy, Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Version: preprint version in PMC
Retrieved: 2026-09-17T07:56:15.123850+00:00

missing or unspecified

No individual claim review recorded

Audit details

Field: attributes.reported_population

Source artifact SHA-256: b76fff917addd0e9ff8a2fc843496132ecf832d3ceef248e3edf2dbc78baab5f

Hash scope: Exact retrieved primary paper artifact bytes.

Inspected artifact

attributes.source_locator
Table 1.: Val Accuracy, Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
Context-only references
Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features

Original source ↗

Table 1.: Val Accuracy, Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Version: preprint version in PMC
Retrieved: 2026-09-17T07:56:15.123850+00:00

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

Audit details

Field: attributes.source_locator

Source artifact SHA-256: b76fff917addd0e9ff8a2fc843496132ecf832d3ceef248e3edf2dbc78baab5f

Hash scope: Exact retrieved primary paper artifact bytes.

Inspected artifact

attributes.split
372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.
Context-only references
Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features

Original source ↗

Table 1.: Val Accuracy, Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Version: preprint version in PMC
Retrieved: 2026-09-17T07:56:15.123850+00:00

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

Audit details

Field: attributes.split

Source artifact SHA-256: b76fff917addd0e9ff8a2fc843496132ecf832d3ceef248e3edf2dbc78baab5f

Hash scope: Exact retrieved primary paper artifact bytes.

Inspected artifact

attributes.subset
Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
Context-only references
Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features

Original source ↗

Table 1.: Val Accuracy, Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Version: preprint version in PMC
Retrieved: 2026-09-17T07:56:15.123850+00:00

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

Audit details

Field: attributes.subset

Source artifact SHA-256: b76fff917addd0e9ff8a2fc843496132ecf832d3ceef248e3edf2dbc78baab5f

Hash scope: Exact retrieved primary paper artifact bytes.

Inspected artifact

description
Dataset and cohort used in the cited comparison. Dataset population counts do not establish successful prediction coverage.
Context-only references
Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features

Original source ↗

Table 1.: Val Accuracy, Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Version: preprint version in PMC
Retrieved: 2026-09-17T07:56:15.123850+00:00

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

Audit details

Field: description

Source artifact SHA-256: b76fff917addd0e9ff8a2fc843496132ecf832d3ceef248e3edf2dbc78baab5f

Hash scope: Exact retrieved primary paper artifact bytes.

Inspected artifact

name
Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
Context-only references
Enhancing Vaxign-DL for Vaccine Candidate Prediction with added ESM-Generated Features

Original source ↗

Table 1.: Val Accuracy, Protective-antigen classification feature comparison

Version: preprint version in PMC
Retrieved: 2026-09-17T07:56:15.123850+00:00

not individually reviewed

No individual claim review recorded

Audit details

Field: name

Source artifact SHA-256: b76fff917addd0e9ff8a2fc843496132ecf832d3ceef248e3edf2dbc78baab5f

Hash scope: Exact retrieved primary paper artifact bytes.

Inspected artifact

Sources and history

View linked audit checks and correction history

Release 2026-09-29-06401fd5b220 · Record review: needs review

1 source records and release historyDownload this release
Technical metadata and extraction receipts

Stable ID: paper-dataset-c1edd1f6f7e93d9f6e

areas
proteins-complexes
tasks
vaccine-antigen candidate prediction
split
372 protection-positive and 3,720 protection-negative samples.
subset
Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
reported population
Not reported
source locator
Table 1.: Val Accuracy, Protective-antigen classification feature comparison
missing metadata
manifest: unextracted; scored count: unreported
entity classification
review date: 2026-09-17; rationale: This record identifies a biological data collection or source-labelled evaluation cohort. Keep its dataset identity; split, assay, taxonomic level, candidate restrictions and comparison context remain attributes rather than automatically becoming new entity kinds.; source ids: part2-vaxign-esm-2024; source locator: Table 1.: Val Accuracy, Protective-antigen classification feature comparison; ambiguities: None recorded
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