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BiRNA-BERT

BiRNA-BERT: Nucleotide foundation model.

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Consult the linked sources for architecture or protocol details. Missing evidence is not evidence of a missing capability.

Evaluations and results

43 evaluations · 43 results. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.

Sorted by Spearman (higher is better). The best value in each column is highlighted. Decimals are rounded for display; each value links to the printed value and its source.

Tested configuration	Protocol and dataset	Spearman	AUROC	MCC	NDCG (cutoff not stated)
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench SELEX-RCV: Overall fitness prediction on NABench SELEX assays, Random cross validation Spearman ρ, NABench SELEX assays (NABench split)	0.681 (best in column)	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench RCV-CORR-MRNA: Fitness prediction on mRNA assays, supervised, random cross validation, NABench mRNA assays (NABench split)	0.62	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench SELEX-FS: Overall fitness prediction on NABench SELEX assays, Few-shot Spearman ρ, NABench SELEX assays (NABench split)	0.588	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench RCV-CORR-PROMOTER: Fitness prediction on promoter assays, supervised, random cross validation, NABench promoter assays (NABench split)	0.579	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench RCV-CORR-TRNA: Fitness prediction on tRNA assays, supervised, random cross validation, NABench tRNA assays (NABench split)	0.563	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench DMS-RCV: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Random cross validation Spearman ρ, NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	0.493	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench RCV-CORR-RIBOZYME: Fitness prediction on ribozyme assays, supervised, random cross validation, NABench ribozyme assays (NABench split)	0.488	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench RCV-CORR-APTAMER: Fitness prediction on aptamer assays, supervised, random cross validation, NABench aptamer assays (NABench split)	0.458	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench FS-CORR-MRNA: Fitness prediction on mRNA assays, few-shot, NABench mRNA assays (NABench split)	0.305	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench FS-CORR-APTAMER: Fitness prediction on aptamer assays, few-shot, NABench aptamer assays (NABench split)	0.264	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench CCV-CORR-MRNA: Fitness prediction on mRNA assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation, NABench mRNA assays (NABench split)	0.238	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench CCV-CORR-RIBOZYME: Fitness prediction on ribozyme assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation, NABench ribozyme assays (NABench split)	0.193	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench DMS-FS: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Few-shot Spearman ρ, NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	0.186	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench FS-CORR-PROMOTER: Fitness prediction on promoter assays, few-shot, NABench promoter assays (NABench split)	0.181	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench RCV-CORR-ENHANCER: Fitness prediction on enhancer assays, supervised, random cross validation, NABench enhancer assays (NABench split)	0.181	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench FS-CORR-RIBOZYME: Fitness prediction on ribozyme assays, few-shot, NABench ribozyme assays (NABench split)	0.175	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench DMS-CCV: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Contiguous cross validation Spearman ρ, NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	0.167	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench FS-CORR-TRNA: Fitness prediction on tRNA assays, few-shot, NABench tRNA assays (NABench split)	0.165	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench CCV-CORR-TRNA: Fitness prediction on tRNA assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation, NABench tRNA assays (NABench split)	0.163	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-CORR-PROMOTER: Fitness prediction on promoter assays, zero-shot, NABench promoter assays (NABench split)	0.118	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-CORR-MRNA: Fitness prediction on mRNA assays, zero-shot, NABench mRNA assays (NABench split)	0.109	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-CORR-RIBOZYME: Fitness prediction on ribozyme assays, zero-shot, NABench ribozyme assays (NABench split)	0.102	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench CCV-CORR-APTAMER: Fitness prediction on aptamer assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation, NABench aptamer assays (NABench split)	0.095	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench DMS-ZS-CORR: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot Spearman ρ, NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	0.093	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-CORR-APTAMER: Fitness prediction on aptamer assays, zero-shot, NABench aptamer assays (NABench split)	0.089	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench SELEX-ZS-CORR: Overall fitness prediction on NABench SELEX assays, Zero-shot Spearman ρ, NABench SELEX assays (NABench split)	0.076	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-CORR-TRNA: Fitness prediction on tRNA assays, zero-shot, NABench tRNA assays (NABench split)	0.059	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench CCV-CORR-ENHANCER: Fitness prediction on enhancer assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation, NABench enhancer assays (NABench split)	0.057	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-CORR-ENHANCER: Fitness prediction on enhancer assays, zero-shot, NABench enhancer assays (NABench split)	0.045	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench FS-CORR-ENHANCER: Fitness prediction on enhancer assays, few-shot, NABench enhancer assays (NABench split)	0.043	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench CCV-CORR-PROMOTER: Fitness prediction on promoter assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation, NABench promoter assays (NABench split)	0.031	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench DMS-ZS-AUC: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot AUC, NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	Not reported	0.518	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench DMS-ZS-MCC: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot MCC, NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	Not reported	Not reported	0.042 (best in column)	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench DMS-ZS-NDCG: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot NDCG, NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	0.369 (best in column)
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench SELEX-ZS-AUC: Overall fitness prediction on NABench SELEX assays, Zero-shot AUC, NABench SELEX assays (NABench split)	Not reported	0.546	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench SELEX-ZS-MCC: Overall fitness prediction on NABench SELEX assays, Zero-shot MCC, NABench SELEX assays (NABench split)	Not reported	Not reported	0.041	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench SELEX-ZS-NDCG: Overall fitness prediction on NABench SELEX assays, Zero-shot NDCG, NABench SELEX assays (NABench split)	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	0.3
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-AUC-APTAMER: Fitness prediction on aptamer assays, zero-shot, NABench aptamer assays (NABench split)	Not reported	0.559	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-AUC-ENHANCER: Fitness prediction on enhancer assays, zero-shot, NABench enhancer assays (NABench split)	Not reported	0.532	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-AUC-MRNA: Fitness prediction on mRNA assays, zero-shot, NABench mRNA assays (NABench split)	Not reported	0.561 (best in column)	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-AUC-PROMOTER: Fitness prediction on promoter assays, zero-shot, NABench promoter assays (NABench split)	Not reported	0.546	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-AUC-RIBOZYME: Fitness prediction on ribozyme assays, zero-shot, NABench ribozyme assays (NABench split)	Not reported	0.556	Not reported	Not reported
BiRNA-BERTEvaluation	NABench ZS-AUC-TRNA: Fitness prediction on tRNA assays, zero-shot, NABench tRNA assays (NABench split)	Not reported	0.533	Not reported	Not reported

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NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Original source · Primary full-text snapshot retrieved 2026-09-17; exact bytes pinned by SHA-256

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Technical metadata and extraction receipts

Stable ID: nabench-method-birna-bert

areas: rna-transcriptomes
source locator: Table 7, row(BiRNA-BERT)
missing metadata: checkpoint revision: reason: unreported; parameters: reason: unextracted
provenance note: Nucleotide foundation model evaluated by the NABench authors under their fitness prediction protocol.

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Tested configuration	Protocol and dataset	Finding	Evidence and details
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench CCV-CORR-APTAMER: Fitness prediction on aptamer assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Dataset subset: NABench aptamer assays (NABench split)	0.095 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench CCV-CORR-APTAMER: Fitness prediction on aptamer assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Scored supervised, contiguous cross validation across the NABench aptamer assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 11, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(aptamer)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench CCV-CORR-ENHANCER: Fitness prediction on enhancer assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Dataset subset: NABench enhancer assays (NABench split)	0.057 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench CCV-CORR-ENHANCER: Fitness prediction on enhancer assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Scored supervised, contiguous cross validation across the NABench enhancer assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 11, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(enhancer)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench CCV-CORR-MRNA: Fitness prediction on mRNA assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Dataset subset: NABench mRNA assays (NABench split)	0.238 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench CCV-CORR-MRNA: Fitness prediction on mRNA assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Scored supervised, contiguous cross validation across the NABench mRNA assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 11, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(mRNA)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench CCV-CORR-PROMOTER: Fitness prediction on promoter assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Dataset subset: NABench promoter assays (NABench split)	0.031 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench CCV-CORR-PROMOTER: Fitness prediction on promoter assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Scored supervised, contiguous cross validation across the NABench promoter assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 11, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(promoter)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench CCV-CORR-RIBOZYME: Fitness prediction on ribozyme assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Dataset subset: NABench ribozyme assays (NABench split)	0.193 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench CCV-CORR-RIBOZYME: Fitness prediction on ribozyme assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Scored supervised, contiguous cross validation across the NABench ribozyme assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 11, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(ribozyme)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench CCV-CORR-TRNA: Fitness prediction on tRNA assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Dataset subset: NABench tRNA assays (NABench split)	0.163 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench CCV-CORR-TRNA: Fitness prediction on tRNA assays, supervised, contiguous cross validation Scored supervised, contiguous cross validation across the NABench tRNA assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 11, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(tRNA)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench DMS-CCV: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Contiguous cross validation Spearman ρ Dataset subset: NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	0.167 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench DMS-CCV: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Contiguous cross validation Spearman ρ Aggregated by the NABench authors across NABench deep mutational scanning assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 6, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(Contiguous cross validation Spearman ρ)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench DMS-FS: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Few-shot Spearman ρ Dataset subset: NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	0.186 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench DMS-FS: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Few-shot Spearman ρ Aggregated by the NABench authors across NABench deep mutational scanning assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 6, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(Few-shot Spearman ρ)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench DMS-RCV: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Random cross validation Spearman ρ Dataset subset: NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	0.493 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench DMS-RCV: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Random cross validation Spearman ρ Aggregated by the NABench authors across NABench deep mutational scanning assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 6, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(Random cross validation Spearman ρ)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench DMS-ZS-AUC: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot AUC Dataset subset: NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	0.518 AUROC unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench DMS-ZS-AUC: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot AUC Aggregated by the NABench authors across NABench deep mutational scanning assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 6, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(Zero-shot AUC)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench DMS-ZS-CORR: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot Spearman ρ Dataset subset: NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	0.093 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench DMS-ZS-CORR: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot Spearman ρ Aggregated by the NABench authors across NABench deep mutational scanning assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 6, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(Zero-shot Spearman ρ)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench DMS-ZS-MCC: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot MCC Dataset subset: NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	0.042 MCC unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench DMS-ZS-MCC: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot MCC Aggregated by the NABench authors across NABench deep mutational scanning assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 6, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(Zero-shot MCC)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench DMS-ZS-NDCG: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot NDCG Dataset subset: NABench deep mutational scanning assays (NABench split)	0.369 NDCG (cutoff not stated) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench DMS-ZS-NDCG: Overall fitness prediction on NABench deep mutational scanning assays, Zero-shot NDCG Aggregated by the NABench authors across NABench deep mutational scanning assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 6, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(Zero-shot NDCG)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench FS-CORR-APTAMER: Fitness prediction on aptamer assays, few-shot Dataset subset: NABench aptamer assays (NABench split)	0.264 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench FS-CORR-APTAMER: Fitness prediction on aptamer assays, few-shot Scored few-shot across the NABench aptamer assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 9, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(aptamer)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench FS-CORR-ENHANCER: Fitness prediction on enhancer assays, few-shot Dataset subset: NABench enhancer assays (NABench split)	0.043 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench FS-CORR-ENHANCER: Fitness prediction on enhancer assays, few-shot Scored few-shot across the NABench enhancer assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 9, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(enhancer)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench FS-CORR-MRNA: Fitness prediction on mRNA assays, few-shot Dataset subset: NABench mRNA assays (NABench split)	0.305 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench FS-CORR-MRNA: Fitness prediction on mRNA assays, few-shot Scored few-shot across the NABench mRNA assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 9, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(mRNA)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench FS-CORR-PROMOTER: Fitness prediction on promoter assays, few-shot Dataset subset: NABench promoter assays (NABench split)	0.181 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench FS-CORR-PROMOTER: Fitness prediction on promoter assays, few-shot Scored few-shot across the NABench promoter assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 9, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(promoter)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench FS-CORR-RIBOZYME: Fitness prediction on ribozyme assays, few-shot Dataset subset: NABench ribozyme assays (NABench split)	0.175 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench FS-CORR-RIBOZYME: Fitness prediction on ribozyme assays, few-shot Scored few-shot across the NABench ribozyme assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 9, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(ribozyme)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench FS-CORR-TRNA: Fitness prediction on tRNA assays, few-shot Dataset subset: NABench tRNA assays (NABench split)	0.165 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench FS-CORR-TRNA: Fitness prediction on tRNA assays, few-shot Scored few-shot across the NABench tRNA assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 9, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(tRNA)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench RCV-CORR-APTAMER: Fitness prediction on aptamer assays, supervised, random cross validation Dataset subset: NABench aptamer assays (NABench split)	0.458 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench RCV-CORR-APTAMER: Fitness prediction on aptamer assays, supervised, random cross validation Scored supervised, random cross validation across the NABench aptamer assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 10, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(aptamer)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench RCV-CORR-ENHANCER: Fitness prediction on enhancer assays, supervised, random cross validation Dataset subset: NABench enhancer assays (NABench split)	0.181 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench RCV-CORR-ENHANCER: Fitness prediction on enhancer assays, supervised, random cross validation Scored supervised, random cross validation across the NABench enhancer assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 10, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(enhancer)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench RCV-CORR-MRNA: Fitness prediction on mRNA assays, supervised, random cross validation Dataset subset: NABench mRNA assays (NABench split)	0.62 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench RCV-CORR-MRNA: Fitness prediction on mRNA assays, supervised, random cross validation Scored supervised, random cross validation across the NABench mRNA assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 10, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(mRNA)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench RCV-CORR-PROMOTER: Fitness prediction on promoter assays, supervised, random cross validation Dataset subset: NABench promoter assays (NABench split)	0.579 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench RCV-CORR-PROMOTER: Fitness prediction on promoter assays, supervised, random cross validation Scored supervised, random cross validation across the NABench promoter assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 10, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(promoter)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench RCV-CORR-RIBOZYME: Fitness prediction on ribozyme assays, supervised, random cross validation Dataset subset: NABench ribozyme assays (NABench split)	0.488 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench RCV-CORR-RIBOZYME: Fitness prediction on ribozyme assays, supervised, random cross validation Scored supervised, random cross validation across the NABench ribozyme assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 10, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(ribozyme)
Configuration: BiRNA-BERT	Task: NABench RCV-CORR-TRNA: Fitness prediction on tRNA assays, supervised, random cross validation Dataset subset: NABench tRNA assays (NABench split)	0.563 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not yet extracted Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source BiRNA-BERT on NABench RCV-CORR-TRNA: Fitness prediction on tRNA assays, supervised, random cross validation Scored supervised, random cross validation across the NABench tRNA assays. Aggregation: Not reported NABench: Large-Scale Benchmarks of Nucleotide Foundation Models for Fitness Prediction · Table 10, row(BiRNA-BERT), column(tRNA)