rewirebio.iobenchmarks
Contested result

M-CAP and PrimateAI: Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) reverses the order

  • Low severity
  • Not yet reviewed
  • Ordering reversal
  • Different tasks across studies

Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) ranks M-CAP above PrimateAI in 7 of 7 comparisons; other studies rank PrimateAI above M-CAP in 24 of 30.

An automatic lead, not a finding of error. The results below are shown as published, everywhere on the site, until a reviewer decides otherwise.

Which studies agree

3 papers rank PrimateAI above M-CAP in 24 of their 30 comparisons and M-CAP higher in 6. Livesey and Marsh 2025 ranks M-CAP above PrimateAI in all 7 of its comparisons.

Papers grouped by which system they rank higher: PrimateAI or M-CAPRank PrimateAI higher: Comprehensive assessment…, An openly licensed benchmark…. Rank M-CAP higher: Livesey and Marsh 2025 (disagrees). Mixed: Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced….Rank PrimateAI higherMixedRank M-CAP higherComprehensive assessment…Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutationsAn openly licensedbenchmark…An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer driversClinical likelihoodratios and balanced…Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genesLivesey and Marsh 2025Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)
  • Rank PrimateAI higher (2): Comprehensive assessment…, An openly licensed benchmark…
  • Rank M-CAP higher (1): Livesey and Marsh 2025 (disagrees)
  • Mixed (1): Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced…

Each paper sits where at least two thirds of its comparisons point; Mixed means neither model reaches two thirds. The larger, outlined dot is the paper that disagrees.

Comparisons in which each paper scores PrimateAI or M-CAP higherLivesey and Marsh 2025 (disagrees): PrimateAI higher in 0, M-CAP higher in 7, 0 ties. Comprehensive assessment…: PrimateAI higher in 16, M-CAP higher in 4, 0 ties. An openly licensed benchmark…: PrimateAI higher in 6, M-CAP higher in 0, 0 ties. Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced…: PrimateAI higher in 2, M-CAP higher in 2, 0 ties.Disagrees: Livesey and Marsh 2025Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)7 M-CAP higher7Comprehensive assessment…Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations16 PrimateAI higher164 M-CAP higher4An openly licensed benchmark…An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers6 PrimateAI higher6Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced…Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genes2 PrimateAI higher22 M-CAP higher2
PrimateAI higherTieM-CAP higherNumbers are counts of comparisons; the outlined bar is the paper that disagrees.
Comparisons in Livesey and Marsh 2025 (7)
ProtocolDatasetMetricPrimateAIM-CAPHigher
Livesey and Marsh 2025 clinical benchmark: pairwise AUROC win rate, ClinVar pathogenic versus gnomAD missenseLivesey and Marsh 2025 clinical set: ClinVar pathogenic versus gnomAD v4.1 missense (819 proteins)Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, per-protein AUROC on shared variants, ClinVar P/LP versus gnomAD v4.1 missense, proteins with at least 10 of each), percent31.647.9M-CAP
Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, all 36 DMS setsLivesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets), percent19.940M-CAP
Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, all 36 DMS setsLivesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against the five top-ranked VEPs (column top_5_winrate; the five are not listed in the table), |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets), percent1.227.71M-CAP
Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, direct assays onlyLivesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, direct DMS assays only), percent17.538.3M-CAP
Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, indirect assays onlyLivesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, indirect DMS assays only), percent21.741.2M-CAP
Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions onlyLivesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, SNV-accessible substitutions only), percent19.940M-CAP
Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions with gaps filledLivesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS, SNV-accessible substitutions, missing predictions filled with the VEP's most benign score), percent2139.7M-CAP
Comparisons in Comprehensive assessment… (20)
ProtocolDatasetMetricPrimateAIM-CAPHigher
OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)OncoKB-annotated somatic missense mutations (oncogenic, likely oncogenic and likely neutral)Accuracy (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls), fraction0.660.55PrimateAI
OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)OncoKB-annotated somatic missense mutations (oncogenic, likely oncogenic and likely neutral)Negative predictive value (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls), fraction0.710.79M-CAP
OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)OncoKB-annotated somatic missense mutations (oncogenic, likely oncogenic and likely neutral)Precision (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls), fraction0.630.53PrimateAI
OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)OncoKB-annotated somatic missense mutations (oncogenic, likely oncogenic and likely neutral)Recall (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls), fraction0.770.97M-CAP
OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)OncoKB-annotated somatic missense mutations (oncogenic, likely oncogenic and likely neutral)Specificity (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls), fraction0.550.11PrimateAI
OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)OncoKB-annotated somatic missense mutations (oncogenic, likely oncogenic and likely neutral)Accuracy (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold), fraction0.660.56PrimateAI
OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)OncoKB-annotated somatic missense mutations (oncogenic, likely oncogenic and likely neutral)Negative predictive value (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold), fraction0.660.56PrimateAI
OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)OncoKB-annotated somatic missense mutations (oncogenic, likely oncogenic and likely neutral)Precision (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold), fraction0.660.56PrimateAI
OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)OncoKB-annotated somatic missense mutations (oncogenic, likely oncogenic and likely neutral)Recall (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold), fraction0.660.56PrimateAI
OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)OncoKB-annotated somatic missense mutations (oncogenic, likely oncogenic and likely neutral)Specificity (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold), fraction0.660.56PrimateAI
Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Missense mutations with Ba/F3 and MCF10A cell viability calls (published and new)Accuracy (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls), fraction0.650.57PrimateAI
Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Missense mutations with Ba/F3 and MCF10A cell viability calls (published and new)Negative predictive value (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls), fraction0.70.8M-CAP
Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Missense mutations with Ba/F3 and MCF10A cell viability calls (published and new)Precision (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls), fraction0.630.55PrimateAI
Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Missense mutations with Ba/F3 and MCF10A cell viability calls (published and new)Recall (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls), fraction0.790.96M-CAP
Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Missense mutations with Ba/F3 and MCF10A cell viability calls (published and new)Specificity (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls), fraction0.520.18PrimateAI
Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Missense mutations with Ba/F3 and MCF10A cell viability calls (published and new)Accuracy (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold), fraction0.70.58PrimateAI
Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Missense mutations with Ba/F3 and MCF10A cell viability calls (published and new)Negative predictive value (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold), fraction0.70.58PrimateAI
Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Missense mutations with Ba/F3 and MCF10A cell viability calls (published and new)Precision (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold), fraction0.70.58PrimateAI
Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Missense mutations with Ba/F3 and MCF10A cell viability calls (published and new)Recall (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold), fraction0.70.58PrimateAI
Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Missense mutations with Ba/F3 and MCF10A cell viability calls (published and new)Specificity (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold), fraction0.70.58PrimateAI
Comparisons in An openly licensed benchmark… (6)
ProtocolDatasetMetricPrimateAIM-CAPHigher
CGC missense oncogenicity, all genes (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Missense variants in 768 Cancer Gene Census genes with open oncogenicity labelsAUROC (CGC missense, all genes), unitless0.7970.758PrimateAI
CGC missense oncogenicity, all genes (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Missense variants in 768 Cancer Gene Census genes with open oncogenicity labelsAverage precision (CGC missense, all genes), unitless0.5080.481PrimateAI
CGC missense oncogenicity, oncogenes (gain of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Missense variants in 768 Cancer Gene Census genes with open oncogenicity labelsAUROC (CGC missense, oncogenes (gain of function)), unitless0.8170.775PrimateAI
CGC missense oncogenicity, oncogenes (gain of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Missense variants in 768 Cancer Gene Census genes with open oncogenicity labelsAverage precision (CGC missense, oncogenes (gain of function)), unitless0.6180.544PrimateAI
CGC missense oncogenicity, tumour suppressors (loss of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Missense variants in 768 Cancer Gene Census genes with open oncogenicity labelsAUROC (CGC missense, tumour suppressors (loss of function)), unitless0.8720.803PrimateAI
CGC missense oncogenicity, tumour suppressors (loss of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Missense variants in 768 Cancer Gene Census genes with open oncogenicity labelsAverage precision (CGC missense, tumour suppressors (loss of function)), unitless0.5050.478PrimateAI
Comparisons in Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced… (4)

What disagrees

Other studies
rank PrimateAI above M-CAP in 24 of 30 comparisons
This study
ranks M-CAP above PrimateAI in 7 of 7 comparisons
Compared
M-CAP, PrimateAI
Study that disagrees
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML), Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8)
Other studies
9 studiesClinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genes, Cubuk et al. 2021, Supplementary tables 1-13 (41436_2021_1265_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx), Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations, Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 10: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 2 (OncoKB), Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 21: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 5 (cell viability), Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 22: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 5 (cell viability), Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 9: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 2 (OncoKB), An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers, OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)
Rule
Ordering reversal; different tasks across studies
Model identity
Matched across studies partly through links not yet reviewed

The compared numbers

Each value links to its result record and source. Compare values within one protocol; the rule compares rankings, not raw values across protocols.

In the study that disagrees (14)
StudyToolProtocol or benchmarkMetricValue
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)M-CAP (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 clinical benchmark: pairwise AUROC win rate, ClinVar pathogenic versus gnomAD missensePairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, per-protein AUROC on shared variants, ClinVar P/LP versus gnomAD v4.1 missense, proteins with at least 10 of each)47.9
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)PrimateAI (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 clinical benchmark: pairwise AUROC win rate, ClinVar pathogenic versus gnomAD missensePairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, per-protein AUROC on shared variants, ClinVar P/LP versus gnomAD v4.1 missense, proteins with at least 10 of each)31.6
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)M-CAP (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, all 36 DMS setsPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets)40
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)M-CAP (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, all 36 DMS setsPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against the five top-ranked VEPs (column top_5_winrate; the five are not listed in the table), |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets)7.71
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)PrimateAI (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, all 36 DMS setsPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets)19.9
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)PrimateAI (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, all 36 DMS setsPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against the five top-ranked VEPs (column top_5_winrate; the five are not listed in the table), |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets)1.22
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)M-CAP (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, direct assays onlyPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, direct DMS assays only)38.3
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)PrimateAI (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, direct assays onlyPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, direct DMS assays only)17.5
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)M-CAP (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, indirect assays onlyPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, indirect DMS assays only)41.2
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)PrimateAI (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, indirect assays onlyPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, indirect DMS assays only)21.7
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)M-CAP (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions with gaps filledPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS, SNV-accessible substitutions, missing predictions filled with the VEP's most benign score)39.7
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)PrimateAI (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions with gaps filledPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS, SNV-accessible substitutions, missing predictions filled with the VEP's most benign score)21
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)M-CAP (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions onlyPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, SNV-accessible substitutions only)40
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML)PrimateAI (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise |Spearman| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions onlyPairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, SNV-accessible substitutions only)19.9
In the other studies (60 results)
In the other studies
StudyToolProtocol or benchmarkMetricValue
Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genes; Cubuk et al. 2021, Supplementary tables 1-13 (41436_2021_1265_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx)M-CAP (Cubuk et al. 2021)BRCA1 functional truth set, binary in silico calls (Cubuk et al. 2021)False negatives (Functionally deleterious BRCA1 variants called tolerated)0
Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genes; Cubuk et al. 2021, Supplementary tables 1-13 (41436_2021_1265_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx)M-CAP (Cubuk et al. 2021)BRCA1 functional truth set, binary in silico calls (Cubuk et al. 2021)Likelihood ratio (Positive likelihood ratio of a deleterious call (TPR/FPR), BRCA1 functional truth set)1
Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genes; Cubuk et al. 2021, Supplementary tables 1-13 (41436_2021_1265_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx)M-CAP (Cubuk et al. 2021)BRCA2 functional truth set, binary in silico calls (Cubuk et al. 2021)False negatives (Functionally deleterious BRCA2 variants called tolerated)0
Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genes; Cubuk et al. 2021, Supplementary tables 1-13 (41436_2021_1265_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx)M-CAP (Cubuk et al. 2021)BRCA2 functional truth set, binary in silico calls (Cubuk et al. 2021)Likelihood ratio (Positive likelihood ratio of a deleterious call (TPR/FPR), BRCA2 functional truth set)1
Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genes; Cubuk et al. 2021, Supplementary tables 1-13 (41436_2021_1265_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx)primateAI_a (Cubuk et al. 2021)BRCA1 functional truth set, binary in silico calls (Cubuk et al. 2021)False negatives (Functionally deleterious BRCA1 variants called tolerated)184
Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genes; Cubuk et al. 2021, Supplementary tables 1-13 (41436_2021_1265_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx)primateAI_a (Cubuk et al. 2021)BRCA1 functional truth set, binary in silico calls (Cubuk et al. 2021)Likelihood ratio (Positive likelihood ratio of a deleterious call (TPR/FPR), BRCA1 functional truth set)13.2
Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genes; Cubuk et al. 2021, Supplementary tables 1-13 (41436_2021_1265_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx)primateAI_a (Cubuk et al. 2021)BRCA2 functional truth set, binary in silico calls (Cubuk et al. 2021)False negatives (Functionally deleterious BRCA2 variants called tolerated)32
Clinical likelihood ratios and balanced accuracy for 44 in silico tools against multiple large-scale functional assays of cancer susceptibility genes; Cubuk et al. 2021, Supplementary tables 1-13 (41436_2021_1265_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx)primateAI_b (Cubuk et al. 2021)BRCA2 functional truth set, binary in silico calls (Cubuk et al. 2021)Likelihood ratio (Positive likelihood ratio of a deleterious call (TPR/FPR), BRCA2 functional truth set)6.78
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 10: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)Accuracy (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls)0.55
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 10: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)Negative predictive value (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls)0.79
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 10: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)Precision (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls)0.53
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 10: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)Recall (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls)0.97
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 10: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)Specificity (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls)0.11
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 9: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)Accuracy (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold)0.56
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 9: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)Negative predictive value (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold)0.56
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 9: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)Precision (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold)0.56
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 9: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)Recall (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold)0.56
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 9: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)Specificity (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold)0.56
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 22: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 5 (cell viability)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Accuracy (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls)0.57
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 22: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 5 (cell viability)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Negative predictive value (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls)0.8
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 22: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 5 (cell viability)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Precision (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls)0.55
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 22: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 5 (cell viability)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Recall (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls)0.96
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 22: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 5 (cell viability)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Specificity (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls)0.18
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 21: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 5 (cell viability)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Accuracy (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold)0.58
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 21: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 5 (cell viability)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Negative predictive value (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold)0.58
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 21: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 5 (cell viability)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Precision (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold)0.58
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 21: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 5 (cell viability)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Recall (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold)0.58
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 21: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 5 (cell viability)M-CAP (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Specificity (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold)0.58
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 10: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)Accuracy (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls)0.66
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 10: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)Negative predictive value (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls)0.71
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 10: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)Precision (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls)0.63
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 10: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)Recall (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls)0.77
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 10: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 10)Specificity (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), default categorical calls)0.55
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 9: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)Accuracy (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold)0.66
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 9: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)Negative predictive value (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold)0.66
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 9: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)Precision (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold)0.66
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 9: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)Recall (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold)0.66
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 9: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 2 (OncoKB)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 9)Specificity (OncoKB benchmark (positive set not stated), median-score threshold)0.66
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 22: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 5 (cell viability)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Accuracy (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls)0.65
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 22: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 5 (cell viability)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Negative predictive value (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls)0.7
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 22: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 5 (cell viability)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Precision (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls)0.63
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 22: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 5 (cell viability)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Recall (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls)0.79
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 22: Performance metrics of 17 algorithms, default categories, benchmark 5 (cell viability)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 22)Specificity (cell viability drivers versus neutral, default categorical calls)0.52
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 21: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 5 (cell viability)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Accuracy (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold)0.7
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 21: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 5 (cell viability)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Negative predictive value (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold)0.7
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 21: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 5 (cell viability)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Precision (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold)0.7
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 21: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 5 (cell viability)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Recall (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold)0.7
Comprehensive assessment of computational algorithms in predicting cancer driver mutations; Chen et al. 2020, Additional file 21: Performance metrics of 33 algorithms, median-score threshold, benchmark 5 (cell viability)PrimateAI (Chen et al. 2020)Cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold (Chen et al. 2020 Additional file 21)Specificity (cell viability drivers versus neutral, median-score threshold)0.7
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)M-CAP rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, all genes (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Average precision (CGC missense, all genes)0.481
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)M-CAP rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, all genes (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)AUROC (CGC missense, all genes)0.758
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)M-CAP rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, oncogenes (gain of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Average precision (CGC missense, oncogenes (gain of function))0.544
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)M-CAP rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, oncogenes (gain of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)AUROC (CGC missense, oncogenes (gain of function))0.775
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)M-CAP rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, tumour suppressors (loss of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Average precision (CGC missense, tumour suppressors (loss of function))0.478
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)M-CAP rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, tumour suppressors (loss of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)AUROC (CGC missense, tumour suppressors (loss of function))0.803
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)PrimateAI rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, all genes (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Average precision (CGC missense, all genes)0.508
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)PrimateAI rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, all genes (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)AUROC (CGC missense, all genes)0.797
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)PrimateAI rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, oncogenes (gain of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Average precision (CGC missense, oncogenes (gain of function))0.618
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)PrimateAI rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, oncogenes (gain of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)AUROC (CGC missense, oncogenes (gain of function))0.817
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)PrimateAI rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, tumour suppressors (loss of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)Average precision (CGC missense, tumour suppressors (loss of function))0.505
An openly licensed benchmark and per-gene calibration map for missense pathogenicity predictors on activating cancer drivers; OncoCal repository, tables/tool_performance.tsv (per-tool AUROC and AUPRC by gene role)PrimateAI rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)CGC missense oncogenicity, tumour suppressors (loss of function) (Lee 2026, OncoCal tool_performance.tsv)AUROC (CGC missense, tumour suppressors (loss of function))0.872

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