Model

ESM-1b

Deep contextual protein language model trained without labels on 250 million protein sequences, whose learned representations support mutational-effect prediction; ProteinGym scores it as a zero-shot single-sequence substitution baseline.

3 evaluations · 20 results 11 configurations with further results

Overview

An explanatory profile has not yet been reviewed for this record.

Consult the linked sources for architecture or protocol details. Missing evidence is not evidence of a missing capability.

Evaluations and results

3 evaluations · 20 results. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.

Sorted by AUROC (ProteinGym clinical substitutions, zero-shot, Average_AUC over proteins) (higher is better). The best value in each column is highlighted. Decimals are rounded for display; each value links to the printed value and its source.

Tested configuration	Protocol and dataset	AUROC (ProteinGym clinical substitutions, zero-shot, Average_AUC over proteins)	Spearman	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Activity assays: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Binding assays: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Expression assays: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, High MSA depth proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Human proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Low MSA depth proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, mean over selection types of the per-type mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman (all 217 assays))	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Medium MSA depth proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Organismal fitness assays: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Other eukaryote proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Prokaryote proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Stability assays: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, variants with 1 substitution: mean over protein and selection-type groups of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, variants with 2 substitutions: mean over protein and selection-type groups of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, variants with 3 substitutions: mean over protein and selection-type groups of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, variants with 4 substitutions: mean over protein and selection-type groups of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, variants with 5 or more substitutions: mean over protein and selection-type groups of assay-level Spearman)	Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Virus proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman)
ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]Evaluation	ProteinGym clinical substitutions, zero-shot, average AUC (commit 144fe22), ProteinGym clinical substitution benchmark at commit 144fe22	0.892	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]Evaluation	ProteinGym AMFR official zero-shot Spearman snapshot, ProteinGym AMFR 4G3O official snapshot cohort	Not reported	0.374	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]Evaluation	ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions, ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	Not reported	Not reported	0.428	0.287	0.406	0.48	0.435	0.365	0.394	0.396	0.349	0.491	0.438	0.5	0.383	0.226	0.172	0.15	0.27	0.26

All 20 result rows with coverage, uncertainty and sources

Filter evaluations

Tested model or methodProtocolDatasetEvaluation setupMetricEvidence origin

Applied filters: All linked evaluations

Exact evaluated configurations and original reported results
Tested configuration	Protocol and dataset	Finding	Evidence and details
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym AMFR official zero-shot Spearman snapshot Dataset subset: ProteinGym AMFR 4G3O official snapshot cohort	0.374 Spearman unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b AMFR official snapshot Not reported Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym AMFR assay-level Spearman comparison · DMS_substitutions_Spearman_DMS_level.csv line 15, DMS ID=AMFR_HUMAN_Tsuboyama_2023_4G3O, column=ESM-1b
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym clinical substitutions, zero-shot, average AUC (commit 144fe22) Dataset subset: ProteinGym clinical substitution benchmark at commit 144fe22	0.892 AUROC (ProteinGym clinical substitutions, zero-shot, Average_AUC over proteins) unitless · higher Uncertainty: ± 0.003 (type not stated). Labelled a bootstrap standard error. The script that wrote the clinical summary was not read; in the DMS script the same column is the standard error of the difference from the top model, and the top row here prints 0.0, which suggests the same construction. Not verified for this file. Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym clinical substitutions, zero-shot, average AUC (commit 144fe22) ProteinGym clinical substitutions, zero-shot, average AUC (commit 144fe22) Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym clinical zero-shot substitutions AUC summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/clinical_zero_shot/substitutions/AUC/Summary_performance_clinical_substitutions_AUC.csv line 6, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Average_AUC'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.394 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, mean over selection types of the per-type mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman (all 217 assays)) unitless · higher Uncertainty: SE 0.011. From compute_bootstrap_standard_error_functional_categories in performance_DMS_benchmarks.py at 144fe22 (default 10,000 resamples, lines 95-111 and 310-315); not an absolute standard error of the model's own average. Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Average_Spearman'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.383 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, variants with 1 substitution: mean over protein and selection-type groups of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Depth_1'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.226 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, variants with 2 substitutions: mean over protein and selection-type groups of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Depth_2'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.172 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, variants with 3 substitutions: mean over protein and selection-type groups of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Depth_3'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.15 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, variants with 4 substitutions: mean over protein and selection-type groups of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Depth_4'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.27 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, variants with 5 or more substitutions: mean over protein and selection-type groups of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Depth_5+'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.428 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Activity assays: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Function_Activity'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.287 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Binding assays: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Function_Binding'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.406 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Expression assays: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Function_Expression'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.349 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Organismal fitness assays: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Function_OrganismalFitness'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.5 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Stability assays: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Function_Stability'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.48 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, High MSA depth proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'High_MSA_depth'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.365 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Low MSA depth proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Low_MSA_depth'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.396 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Medium MSA depth proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Medium_MSA_depth'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.435 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Human proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Taxa_Human'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.491 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Other eukaryote proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Taxa_Other_Eukaryote'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.438 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Prokaryote proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Taxa_Prokaryote'
Configuration: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]	Protocol: ProteinGym v1.3 zero-shot DMS substitutions Dataset subset: ProteinGym DMS substitution assays at commit 144fe22 (217 assays)	0.26 Spearman (ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Virus proteins: mean over proteins of assay-level Spearman) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Evaluation origin not reported · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ESM-1b: ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions summary (144fe22) ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions, Spearman summary Aggregation: Not reported ProteinGym zero-shot DMS substitutions Spearman summary at commit 144fe22 · benchmarks/DMS_zero_shot/substitutions/Spearman/Summary_performance_DMS_substitutions_Spearman.csv line 58, row 'ESM-1b', column 'Taxa_Virus'

Source checking is not independent reproduction. Release 2026-10-22-1b7cf027e4f6.

Further results on linked records

11 linked records have results that are not included above, because no reviewed claim yet ties the link to this model. Each record keeps its own settings and evaluations, and its scores are on its own page.

ESM1b (Brandes et al. 2023 clinical benchmarks) Configuration · configuration · 92 evaluations · 184 results
ESM1b absolute-valued PLLR indel score (Brandes et al. 2023) Configuration · configuration · 4 evaluations · 4 results
ESM1b minimum-LLR stop-gain score (Brandes et al. 2023) Configuration · configuration · 3 evaluations · 3 results
ESM1b PLLR indel score (Brandes et al. 2023) Configuration · configuration · 4 evaluations · 4 results
ESM1b weighted PLLR indel score (Brandes et al. 2023) Configuration · configuration · 1 evaluation · 1 result
ESM-1b (Evo 2 paper variant effect evaluations) Configuration · configuration · 14 evaluations · 28 results
ESM-1b, precomputed log-likelihood ratios (GPN-MSA paper) Configuration · configuration · 1 evaluation · 1 result
ESM-1b (DeepProtein benchmark) Configuration · configuration · 8 evaluations · 8 results
ESM1b rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026) Configuration · configuration · 3 evaluations · 6 results
ESM-1b (Livesey and Marsh 2025) Configuration · configuration · 6 evaluations · 7 results
ESM1b (Bergquist et al. 2025 calibration) Configuration · configuration · 1 evaluation · 9 results

Use this model

How it works, versions and access

Versions and evaluated configurations

ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot] · configuration of

Strengths, limitations and unresolved questions

Evidence

Source checking verifies the cited claim or transcription. It does not establish independent reproduction.

Evidence table

Inspect claims, sources and review details

Trace each statement to its source and review. A context-only reference supports the record generally; it does not verify an individual field. Source checking does not reproduce an experiment.

One row per statement and cited source. Multiple citations are not independent evaluations. Shared locators are labelled explicitly.

3 evidence rows matching the loaded filters

Claims, original sources and review scope · Release 2026-10-22-1b7cf027e4f6
Property and statement	Original source and location	Review and provenance
Description Deep contextual protein language model trained without labels on 250 million protein sequences, whose learned representations support mutational-effect prediction; ProteinGym scores it as a zero-shot single-sequence substitution baseline. Individual claims	Abstract: Biological structure and function emerge from scaling unsupervised learning to 250 million protein sequences Original source ↗ uc20260930-source-proteingym-amfr-spearman: Benchmark CSV header (model scored in the zero-shot DMS substitution benchmark); run-doc-proteingym-readme-md-144fe22b: README 'Leaderboard' baseline table (model name, input modalities, reference); qa-descriptions-20261010-source-esm-1b: abstract Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation. Version: Europe PMC core record MED/33876751 (title and abstract), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2021 Retrieved: 2026-10-10T06:44:10Z	source checked ["automated-source-review","ai-assisted-source-review"] · 2026-10-10 Audit details Description written from the cited source text; provenance text was generic and is kept here as previous_value. Independent review 2026-10-10: corrected. 'Transformer' changed to 'Deep contextual', the cited abstract's wording; the abstract does not name the architecture. Field: `description` Claim: metadata-correction-1deba6d03b0b6339f801 Source artifact SHA-256: `59850211909f62201e41e520d345370ccc0de854697c2ad534dbdb3780f8fe53` Hash scope: SHA-256 of one retrieval of a Europe PMC REST search response. The response is not byte-stable: on 2026-10-10 a second retrieval of 10 of these 31 records differed only in JSON key order and parsed to identical content. The title and abstractText fields are the evidence. Inspected artifact
Description Deep contextual protein language model trained without labels on 250 million protein sequences, whose learned representations support mutational-effect prediction; ProteinGym scores it as a zero-shot single-sequence substitution baseline. Individual claims	OATML-Markslab/ProteinGym / README.md Original source ↗ uc20260930-source-proteingym-amfr-spearman: Benchmark CSV header (model scored in the zero-shot DMS substitution benchmark); run-doc-proteingym-readme-md-144fe22b: README 'Leaderboard' baseline table (model name, input modalities, reference); qa-descriptions-20261010-source-esm-1b: abstract Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation. Version: Git commit 144fe22b07dfaeec2b366f2346203a9838a55b4c Retrieved: 2026-09-17T09:32:03.517591+00:00	source checked ["automated-source-review","ai-assisted-source-review"] · 2026-10-10 Audit details Description written from the cited source text; provenance text was generic and is kept here as previous_value. Independent review 2026-10-10: corrected. 'Transformer' changed to 'Deep contextual', the cited abstract's wording; the abstract does not name the architecture. Field: `description` Claim: metadata-correction-1deba6d03b0b6339f801 Source artifact SHA-256: `321487a8de52c6cfa647a658f61150dd72e0acb0125470524fb94d1f8b23321a` Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record Inspected artifact
Description Deep contextual protein language model trained without labels on 250 million protein sequences, whose learned representations support mutational-effect prediction; ProteinGym scores it as a zero-shot single-sequence substitution baseline. Individual claims	ProteinGym AMFR assay-level Spearman comparison Original source ↗ uc20260930-source-proteingym-amfr-spearman: Benchmark CSV header (model scored in the zero-shot DMS substitution benchmark); run-doc-proteingym-readme-md-144fe22b: README 'Leaderboard' baseline table (model name, input modalities, reference); qa-descriptions-20261010-source-esm-1b: abstract Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation. Version: 144fe22b07dfaeec2b366f2346203a9838a55b4c Retrieved: 2026-09-30	source checked ["automated-source-review","ai-assisted-source-review"] · 2026-10-10 Audit details Description written from the cited source text; provenance text was generic and is kept here as previous_value. Independent review 2026-10-10: corrected. 'Transformer' changed to 'Deep contextual', the cited abstract's wording; the abstract does not name the architecture. Field: `description` Claim: metadata-correction-1deba6d03b0b6339f801 Source artifact SHA-256: `f432423b87f79ac9778dfac86e3d95be041d246bc618dc0a406b35b0b7466437` Hash scope: Hash scope not separately documented; inspect source record Inspected artifact

How to read the evidence

Sources and history

Release 2026-10-22-1b7cf027e4f6 · Record review: source checked

3 source records and release history

ProteinGym AMFR assay-level Spearman comparison · Original source · 144fe22b07dfaeec2b366f2346203a9838a55b4c
OATML-Markslab/ProteinGym / README.md · Original source · Git commit 144fe22b07dfaeec2b366f2346203a9838a55b4c
Abstract: Biological structure and function emerge from scaling unsupervised learning to 250 million protein sequences · Original source · Europe PMC core record MED/33876751 (title and abstract), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2021

Download this release (gzip)

Technical metadata and extraction receipts

Stable ID: uc20260930-model-esm-1b

areas: proteins-complexes
source locator: Pinned ProteinGym Spearman CSV header: ESM-1b
review: method: automated-source-review; reviewer: codex; reviewed at: 2026-09-30T21:40:59.576893+00:00; scope: Primary-source transcription and catalogue applicability audit; not human scientific review or independent experimental reproduction.; reviewer note: role: experimental use-case curation
entity level: family
identity scope: Family/method identity only; no undocumented checkpoint equivalence.

Related records

configuration of: ESM1b (Brandes et al. 2023 clinical benchmarks)
configuration of: ESM1b absolute-valued PLLR indel score (Brandes et al. 2023)
configuration of: ESM1b minimum-LLR stop-gain score (Brandes et al. 2023)
configuration of: ESM1b PLLR indel score (Brandes et al. 2023)
configuration of: ESM1b weighted PLLR indel score (Brandes et al. 2023)
configuration of: ESM-1b (Evo 2 paper variant effect evaluations)
configuration of: ESM-1b, precomputed log-likelihood ratios (GPN-MSA paper)
configuration of: ESM-1b (DeepProtein benchmark)
subject: ESM-1b: description
configuration of: ESM1b rank score, dbNSFP 5.3.1a (Lee 2026)
configuration of: ESM-1b [ProteinGym 144fe22b snapshot]
configuration of: ESM-1b (Livesey and Marsh 2025)
configuration of: ESM1b (Bergquist et al. 2025 calibration)

Suggest a correction