Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 486 Maximum batch size (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 1024 tokens)count · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 1024, column 'bs' Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 26.1 Inference throughput (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 1024 tokens)sample-per-second · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Mean of 10 timing runs; spread not printed
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 1024, column 'tokens/s' Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 127 Maximum batch size (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 2048 tokens)count · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 2048, column 'bs' Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 20.1 Inference throughput (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 2048 tokens)sample-per-second · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Mean of 10 timing runs; spread not printed
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 2048, column 'tokens/s' Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 4110 Maximum batch size (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 256 tokens)count · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 256, column 'bs' Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 33.5 Inference throughput (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 256 tokens)sample-per-second · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Mean of 10 timing runs; spread not printed
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 256, column 'tokens/s' Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 26 Maximum batch size (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 4096 tokens)count · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 4096, column 'bs' Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 13.5 Inference throughput (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 4096 tokens)sample-per-second · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Mean of 10 timing runs; spread not printed
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 4096, column 'tokens/s' Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 1650 Maximum batch size (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 512 tokens)count · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 512, column 'bs' Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 30.6 Inference throughput (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 512 tokens)sample-per-second · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Mean of 10 timing runs; spread not printed
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 512, column 'tokens/s' Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 5 Maximum batch size (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 8192 tokens)count · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 8192, column 'bs' Configuration: NTv2 (250M) on one A100 80 GB (Aspidova et al. 2026) Protocol: DNA language model inference throughput and maximum batch size on one A100 80 GB by sequence length (Aspidova et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: Fixed-length token sequences of 256 to 8,192 tokens (Aspidova et al. 2026) 7.35 Inference throughput (Encoder forward pass on one A100 80 GB; sequence length 8192 tokens)sample-per-second · higher
Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Mean of 10 timing runs; spread not printed
Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible
Independent external evaluation · Source checked Evidence concern: excluded from comparisons Appendix B Table 2 and Figure 1 (axis 'Inference speed (tokens/s)') give throughput in tokens/s, but the printed values are inconsistent with the printed batch sizes: ModernGENA base (FA2 + autocast bf16) at L = 256 prints 552.44 tokens/s with a batch of 3,631 sequences (929,536 tokens), about 28 minutes per batch, and ModernGENA base without FA2 at L = 8192 prints 71.15 tokens/s with a batch of 92 (753,664 tokens), about 2.9 hours per batch, against a stated pretraining throughput of 1.33M tokens/s on eight A100 GPUs (Section 3.2.4). The unit or scale of the throughput column is unclear. Batch sizes share the table. Values are recorded as printed.Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9); Figure 1 (page 4); Section 3.2.4
Methods, coverage and source NTv2 (250M) inference throughput on one A100 (Aspidova et al. 2026)
model-execution-20261011-protocol-aspidova2026-a100-inference-throughput
Aggregation: Not reported
Back to BERT in 2026: ModernGENA as a Strong, Efficient Baseline for DNA Foundation Models · Appendix B Table 2 (page 9), row 'NTv2 (250M)', sequence length L = 8192, column 'tokens/s'