Configuration

Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026

Blood-culture only as applied to the blood samples of the 122-patient cohort.

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Evaluations and results

1 evaluation · 20 results. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.

Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) · Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)

Sorted by Accuracy (patient level; all pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) (higher is better). The best value in each column is highlighted. Decimals are rounded for display; each value links to the printed value and its source.

Tested configuration	Accuracy (patient level; all pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Accuracy (patient level; fungal pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Accuracy (patient level; gram-negative bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Accuracy (patient level; gram-positive bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Negative predictive value (patient level; all pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Negative predictive value (patient level; fungal pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Negative predictive value (patient level; gram-negative bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Negative predictive value (patient level; gram-positive bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Precision (patient level; all pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Precision (patient level; fungal pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Precision (patient level; gram-negative bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Precision (patient level; gram-positive bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Recall (patient level; all pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Recall (patient level; fungal pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Recall (patient level; gram-negative bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Recall (patient level; gram-positive bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Specificity (patient level; all pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Specificity (patient level; fungal pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Specificity (patient level; gram-negative bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)	Specificity (patient level; gram-positive bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis)
Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026Evaluation	22.9%	66.4%	47.5%	80.3%	16.1%	66.4%	43.4%	80.2%	100%	0%	100%	100%	9.62%	0%	12.3%	4%	100%	100%	100%	100%

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Exact evaluated configurations and original reported results
Tested configuration	Protocol and dataset	Finding	Evidence and details
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	22.9% Accuracy (patient level; all pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 16.38 to 31.17 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'All pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Accuracy (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	16.1% Negative predictive value (patient level; all pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 10.41 to 23.98 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'All pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'NPV (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	100% Precision (patient level; all pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 72.25 to 100.00 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'All pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'PPV (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	9.62% Recall (patient level; all pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 5.31 to 16.80 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'All pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Sensitivity (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	100% Specificity (patient level; all pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 82.41 to 100.00 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'All pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Specificity (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	66.4% Accuracy (patient level; fungal pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 57.62 to 74.16 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'Fungal pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Accuracy (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	66.4% Negative predictive value (patient level; fungal pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 57.62 to 74.16 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'Fungal pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'NPV (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	0% Precision (patient level; fungal pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 0.00 to 0.00 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'Fungal pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'PPV (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	0% Recall (patient level; fungal pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 0.00 to 8.57 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'Fungal pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Sensitivity (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	100% Specificity (patient level; fungal pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 95.47 to 100.00 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'Fungal pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Specificity (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	47.5% Accuracy (patient level; gram-negative bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 38.89 to 56.34 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'GNB pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Accuracy (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	43.4% Negative predictive value (patient level; gram-negative bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 34.59 to 52.57 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'GNB pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'NPV (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	100% Precision (patient level; gram-negative bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 70.08 to 100.00 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'GNB pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'PPV (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	12.3% Recall (patient level; gram-negative bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 6.62 to 21.80 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'GNB pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Sensitivity (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	100% Specificity (patient level; gram-negative bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 92.73 to 100.00 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'GNB pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Specificity (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	80.3% Accuracy (patient level; gram-positive bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 72.40 to 86.41 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'GPB pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Accuracy (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	80.2% Negative predictive value (patient level; gram-positive bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 72.18 to 86.29 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'GPB pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'NPV (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	100% Precision (patient level; gram-positive bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 20.65 to 100.00 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'GPB pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'PPV (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	4% Recall (patient level; gram-positive bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 0.71 to 19.54 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'GPB pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Sensitivity (95%CI)'
Configuration: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026), as run in Huang et al. 2026	Protocol: Patient-level detection of causative pathogens in blood against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026 Table 2) Dataset: 122 ICU patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis and paired blood and BALF (Huang et al. 2026)	100% Specificity (patient level; gram-positive bacterial pneumonia; reference: final clinical diagnosis) percent · higher Uncertainty: 95% CI 96.19 to 100.00 Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Author-reported evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026) dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-protocol-clinical-diagnosis Aggregation: Not reported Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Table 2, stratum 'GPB pneumonia', row 'Blood-culture only', column 'Specificity (95%CI)'

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Blood-based targeted sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA in severe pneumonia-associated sepsis · Original source · Respiratory Research 27:357, published 2026-06-24; PMC13584460 full-text XML

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Technical metadata and extraction receipts

Stable ID: dna-pathogen-20261011-huang2026-config-culture

areas: microbes-communities
contexts: clinical_research
method types: conventional_pipeline
reported name: Blood-culture only
parameters: Blood culture only
foundation model eligible: false
access reuse: Clinical laboratory test
source locator: Methods 'bstNGS assay workflow and mNGS steps'; Supplementary Methods (not inspected)
missing metadata: version: reason: unreported; note: No software or database versions are given

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configuration of: Blood culture (Huang et al. 2026)
system: Blood-culture only against the final clinical diagnosis (Huang et al. 2026)

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