| Configuration: AlphaGenome (Either Module) (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 66 (21.6%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlphaGenome (Either Module) on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'ALPHAGENOME (EITHER MODULE)', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: AlphaGenome (Either Module) (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 7 (10.1%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlphaGenome (Either Module) on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'ALPHAGENOME (EITHER MODULE)', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: AlphaGenome Junction Scorer (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 54 (17.6%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlphaGenome Junction Scorer on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'ALPHAGENOME JUNCTION SCORER', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: AlphaGenome Junction Scorer (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 4 (5.8%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlphaGenome Junction Scorer on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'ALPHAGENOME JUNCTION SCORER', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: AlphaGenome Splice Scorer (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 58 (19.0%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlphaGenome Splice Scorer on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'ALPHAGENOME SPLICE SCORER', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: AlphaGenome Splice Scorer (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 5 (7.2%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceAlphaGenome Splice Scorer on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'ALPHAGENOME SPLICE SCORER', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Borzoi (128-bp) (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 70 (22.9%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceBorzoi (128-bp) on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'BORZOI (128-BP)', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Borzoi (128-bp) (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 13 (18.8%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceBorzoi (128-bp) on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'BORZOI (128-BP)', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Borzoi (32-bp) (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 86 (28.1%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceBorzoi (32-bp) on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'BORZOI (32-BP)', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Borzoi (32-bp) (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 7 (10.1%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceBorzoi (32-bp) on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'BORZOI (32-BP)', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Evo2 40B (human identifier) (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 276 (90.2%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceEvo2 40B (human identifier) on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'EVO2 40B (HU. IDENT.)', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Evo2 40B (human identifier) (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 47 (68.1%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceEvo2 40B (human identifier) on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'EVO2 40B (HU. IDENT.)', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Evo2 40B (without human identifier) (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 280 (91.5%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceEvo2 40B (without human identifier) on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'EVO2 40B (W/O HU. IDENT.)', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Evo2 40B (without human identifier) (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 46 (66.7%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceEvo2 40B (without human identifier) on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'EVO2 40B (W/O HU. IDENT.)', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Genos 10B ClinVar (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 104 (34.0%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceGenos 10B ClinVar on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'GENOS 10B CLINVAR', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Genos 10B ClinVar (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 25 (36.2%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceGenos 10B ClinVar on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'GENOS 10B CLINVAR', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Genos 10B (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 92 (30.1%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceGenos 10B on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'GENOS 10B', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: Genos 10B (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 23 (33.3%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceGenos 10B on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'GENOS 10B', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: NTv3 650M Post (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 77 (25.2%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceNTv3 650M Post on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'NTV3 650M POST', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: NTv3 650M Post (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 9 (13.0%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceNTv3 650M Post on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'NTV3 650M POST', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: NTv3 650M Pre (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 212 (69.3%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceNTv3 650M Pre on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'NTV3 650M PRE', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: NTv3 650M Pre (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 23 (33.3%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceNTv3 650M Pre on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'NTV3 650M PRE', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: SpliceAI (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 75 (24.5%) Proportion (share of 306 further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceSpliceAI on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'SPLICEAI', column 'Positive mutations' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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| Configuration: SpliceAI (Alavi 2026) | Protocol: Share of further OPA1 pathogenic substitutions and VUS called splice-altering (Alavi Table III, extended corpus) Dataset: OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) | 6 (8.7%) Proportion (share of 69 OPA1 VUS substitutions called splice-altering) percent · unknown Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceSpliceAI on OPA1 extended LOVD corpus (306 pathogenic substitutions, 69 VUS) rna-splicing-20261011-alavi2026-protocol-opa1-extended-positive-calls Aggregation: Not reported Probing Genomic Foundation Models with Splice-Variant Perturbations (Alavi, bioRxiv 2026) · Table III, row 'SPLICEAI', column 'Positive VUS' (PDF page 6 of 11) |
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