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DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)

DNABERT-2 117M scoring a variant as the L2 distance between reference and alternative CLS-token embeddings of 512 bp sequences.

14 evaluations · 14 results

Overview

An explanatory profile has not yet been reviewed for this record.

Consult the linked sources for architecture or protocol details. Missing evidence is not evidence of a missing capability.

Evaluations and results

14 evaluations · 14 results. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.

Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)

Sorted by AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, 3' UTR) (higher is better). The best value in each column is highlighted. Decimals are rounded for display; each value links to the printed value and its source.

Tested configurationProtocol and datasetAUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, 3' UTR)AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, 5' UTR)AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, All variants)AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Intron (Non-splice))AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Missense & 3'UTR)AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Missense & Intron (Non-splice))AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Missense)AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Noncoding)AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, RNA gene)AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Splice)AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Start loss)AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Stop gain)AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Stop loss)AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Synonymous)
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: 3' UTR (Figure 1)0.499Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: All variants (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reported0.576Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Intron (Non-splice) (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reportedNot reported0.437Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Missense & Intron (Non-splice) (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported0.449Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Missense & 3'UTR (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported0.546Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Missense (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported0.484Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Noncoding (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported0.433Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: RNA gene (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported0.423Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Splice (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported0.454Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Start loss (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported0.389Not reportedNot reportedNot reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Stop gain (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported0.483Not reportedNot reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Stop loss (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported0.57Not reported
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Synonymous (Figure 1)Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported0.552
DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)EvaluationLu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: 5' UTR (Figure 1)Not reported0.414Not reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reportedNot reported
All 14 result rows with coverage, uncertainty and sources
Filter evaluations

Applied filters: All linked evaluations

Exact evaluated configurations and original reported results
Tested configurationProtocol and datasetFindingEvidence and details
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: All variants (Figure 1)
0.576 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, All variants)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar All variants SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 1, panel 1 'All variants (N=258,944, %P=30.59%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Intron (Non-splice) (Figure 1)
0.437 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Intron (Non-splice))
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar Intron (Non-splice) SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 1, panel 3 'Intron (Non-splice) (N=88,049, %P=1.60%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Missense & Intron (Non-splice) (Figure 1)
0.449 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Missense & Intron (Non-splice))
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar Missense & Intron (Non-splice) SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 3, panel 2 'Missense & Intron (Non-splice) (N=255, %P=17.91%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Missense & 3'UTR (Figure 1)
0.546 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Missense & 3'UTR)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar Missense & 3'UTR SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 3, panel 3 'Missense & 3'UTR (N=117, %P=40.97%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Missense (Figure 1)
0.484 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Missense)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar Missense SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 3, panel 1 'Missense (N=50,820, %P=40.09%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Noncoding (Figure 1)
0.433 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Noncoding)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar Noncoding SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 1, panel 2 'Noncoding (N=118,256, %P=10.69%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: RNA gene (Figure 1)
0.423 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, RNA gene)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar RNA gene SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 2, panel 2 'RNA gene (N=131, %P=25.95%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Splice (Figure 1)
0.454 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Splice)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar Splice SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 1, panel 4 'Splice (N=11,042, %P=99.30%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Start loss (Figure 1)
0.389 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Start loss)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar Start loss SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 2, panel 5 'Start loss (N=847, %P=97.53%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Stop gain (Figure 1)
0.483 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Stop gain)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar Stop gain SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 3, panel 4 'Stop gain (N=42,408, %P=98.13%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Stop loss (Figure 1)
0.57 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Stop loss)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar Stop loss SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 2, panel 4 'Stop loss (N=94, %P=75.53%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: Synonymous (Figure 1)
0.552 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, Synonymous)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar Synonymous SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 2, panel 3 'Synonymous (N=42,139, %P=0.66%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: 3' UTR (Figure 1)
0.499 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, 3' UTR)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar 3' UTR SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 1, panel 5 '3' UTR (N=11,851, %P=0.21%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label
Configuration: DNABERT-2 117M, CLS embedding L2 distance (Lu et al. 2025)Protocol: ClinVar pathogenic versus benign SNVs within variant type, AUROC (Lu et al. 2025)
Dataset subset: Lu et al. 2025 ClinVar benchmark: 5' UTR (Figure 1)
0.414 AUROC (ClinVar pathogenic vs benign SNVs, 5' UTR)
unitless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported by the source

Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible

Independent external evaluation · Source checked
Methods, coverage and source

DNABERT2 on ClinVar 5' UTR SNVs (Lu et al. 2025 Figure 1)

lu-hetero-20261019-protocol-clinvar-variant-type-auroc

Aggregation: Not reported

Genomic heterogeneity inflates the performance of variant pathogenicity predictions (Lu, Liu, Lin and Brandes, bioRxiv 2025, v2) · Figure 1 (page 8), column 2, panel 1 '5' UTR (N=2,471, %P=2.38%)', row 'DNABERT2', bar label

Source checking is not independent reproduction. Release 2026-11-02-a7f03c9e55a5.

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Technical metadata and extraction receipts

Stable ID: lu-hetero-20261019-config-dnabert2-117m-l2

areas
dna-genomes
contexts
clinical_research
method types
foundation_model
reported name
DNABERT2
parameters
zhihan1996/DNABERT-2-117M; 512 bp context; last hidden layer CLS embeddings; L2 distance.
source locator
Methods 'DNABERT2' (pages 14 to 15)
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