| Configuration: Caduceus-Ph (GTEx whole-blood expression prediction) | Protocol: Feng GTEx whole-blood expression prediction, all genes, 6 kb input Dataset: Feng GTEx v8 whole-blood expression, TSS +/- 3 kb | 0.234 MSE (mean across genes of per-gene MSE of covariate-corrected expression) unit-unreported · lower Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Table 4 prints averages only; per-gene spread is shown only as a histogram (Fig. 3). Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceCaduceus-Ph GTEx whole-blood expression evaluation Table 4, frozen embeddings + per-gene random forest regression Aggregation: Not reported Benchmarking DNA foundation models for genomic and genetic tasks · Table 4, row 'Caduceus-Ph', column 'Average Prediction MSE' |
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| Configuration: Caduceus-Ph (GTEx whole-blood expression prediction) | Protocol: Feng GTEx whole-blood expression prediction, all genes, 6 kb input Dataset: Feng GTEx v8 whole-blood expression, TSS +/- 3 kb | 0.123 Pearson (mean across genes of per-gene Pearson correlation between predicted and observed expression) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Table 4 prints averages only; per-gene spread is shown only as a histogram (Fig. 3). Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceCaduceus-Ph GTEx whole-blood expression evaluation Table 4, frozen embeddings + per-gene random forest regression Aggregation: Not reported Benchmarking DNA foundation models for genomic and genetic tasks · Table 4, row 'Caduceus-Ph', column 'Average Prediction Correlation' |
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| Configuration: DNABERT-2 (GTEx whole-blood expression prediction) | Protocol: Feng GTEx whole-blood expression prediction, all genes, 6 kb input Dataset: Feng GTEx v8 whole-blood expression, TSS +/- 3 kb | 0.236 MSE (mean across genes of per-gene MSE of covariate-corrected expression) unit-unreported · lower Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Table 4 prints averages only; per-gene spread is shown only as a histogram (Fig. 3). Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceDNABERT-2 GTEx whole-blood expression evaluation Table 4, frozen embeddings + per-gene random forest regression Aggregation: Not reported Benchmarking DNA foundation models for genomic and genetic tasks · Table 4, row 'DNABERT-2', column 'Average Prediction MSE' |
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| Configuration: DNABERT-2 (GTEx whole-blood expression prediction) | Protocol: Feng GTEx whole-blood expression prediction, all genes, 6 kb input Dataset: Feng GTEx v8 whole-blood expression, TSS +/- 3 kb | 0.121 Pearson (mean across genes of per-gene Pearson correlation between predicted and observed expression) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Table 4 prints averages only; per-gene spread is shown only as a histogram (Fig. 3). Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceDNABERT-2 GTEx whole-blood expression evaluation Table 4, frozen embeddings + per-gene random forest regression Aggregation: Not reported Benchmarking DNA foundation models for genomic and genetic tasks · Table 4, row 'DNABERT-2', column 'Average Prediction Correlation' |
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| Configuration: GROVER (GTEx whole-blood expression prediction) | Protocol: Feng GTEx whole-blood expression prediction, all genes, 6 kb input Dataset: Feng GTEx v8 whole-blood expression, TSS +/- 3 kb | 0.233 MSE (mean across genes of per-gene MSE of covariate-corrected expression) unit-unreported · lower Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Table 4 prints averages only; per-gene spread is shown only as a histogram (Fig. 3). Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceGROVER GTEx whole-blood expression evaluation Table 4, frozen embeddings + per-gene random forest regression Aggregation: Not reported Benchmarking DNA foundation models for genomic and genetic tasks · Table 4, row 'GROVER', column 'Average Prediction MSE' |
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| Configuration: GROVER (GTEx whole-blood expression prediction) | Protocol: Feng GTEx whole-blood expression prediction, all genes, 6 kb input Dataset: Feng GTEx v8 whole-blood expression, TSS +/- 3 kb | 0.114 Pearson (mean across genes of per-gene Pearson correlation between predicted and observed expression) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Table 4 prints averages only; per-gene spread is shown only as a histogram (Fig. 3). Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceGROVER GTEx whole-blood expression evaluation Table 4, frozen embeddings + per-gene random forest regression Aggregation: Not reported Benchmarking DNA foundation models for genomic and genetic tasks · Table 4, row 'GROVER', column 'Average Prediction Correlation' |
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| Configuration: HyenaDNA (GTEx whole-blood expression prediction) | Protocol: Feng GTEx whole-blood expression prediction, all genes, 6 kb input Dataset: Feng GTEx v8 whole-blood expression, TSS +/- 3 kb | 0.235 MSE (mean across genes of per-gene MSE of covariate-corrected expression) unit-unreported · lower Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Table 4 prints averages only; per-gene spread is shown only as a histogram (Fig. 3). Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceHyenaDNA GTEx whole-blood expression evaluation Table 4, frozen embeddings + per-gene random forest regression Aggregation: Not reported Benchmarking DNA foundation models for genomic and genetic tasks · Table 4, row 'HyenaDNA', column 'Average Prediction MSE' |
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| Configuration: HyenaDNA (GTEx whole-blood expression prediction) | Protocol: Feng GTEx whole-blood expression prediction, all genes, 6 kb input Dataset: Feng GTEx v8 whole-blood expression, TSS +/- 3 kb | 0.122 Pearson (mean across genes of per-gene Pearson correlation between predicted and observed expression) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Table 4 prints averages only; per-gene spread is shown only as a histogram (Fig. 3). Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceHyenaDNA GTEx whole-blood expression evaluation Table 4, frozen embeddings + per-gene random forest regression Aggregation: Not reported Benchmarking DNA foundation models for genomic and genetic tasks · Table 4, row 'HyenaDNA', column 'Average Prediction Correlation' |
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| Configuration: NT-v2 (GTEx whole-blood expression prediction) | Protocol: Feng GTEx whole-blood expression prediction, all genes, 6 kb input Dataset: Feng GTEx v8 whole-blood expression, TSS +/- 3 kb | 0.236 MSE (mean across genes of per-gene MSE of covariate-corrected expression) unit-unreported · lower Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Table 4 prints averages only; per-gene spread is shown only as a histogram (Fig. 3). Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceNT-v2 GTEx whole-blood expression evaluation Table 4, frozen embeddings + per-gene random forest regression Aggregation: Not reported Benchmarking DNA foundation models for genomic and genetic tasks · Table 4, row 'NT-v2', column 'Average Prediction MSE' |
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| Configuration: NT-v2 (GTEx whole-blood expression prediction) | Protocol: Feng GTEx whole-blood expression prediction, all genes, 6 kb input Dataset: Feng GTEx v8 whole-blood expression, TSS +/- 3 kb | 0.122 Pearson (mean across genes of per-gene Pearson correlation between predicted and observed expression) unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Table 4 prints averages only; per-gene spread is shown only as a histogram (Fig. 3). Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible | Independent external evaluation · Source checkedMethods, coverage and sourceNT-v2 GTEx whole-blood expression evaluation Table 4, frozen embeddings + per-gene random forest regression Aggregation: Not reported Benchmarking DNA foundation models for genomic and genetic tasks · Table 4, row 'NT-v2', column 'Average Prediction Correlation' |
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