ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025); Predictions obtained from https://github.com/salesforce/progen (Table S2 'Source'); release not stated

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Evaluations and results

5 evaluations · 6 results. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.

Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)

Sorted by Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, |Spearman| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets) (higher is better). The best value in each column is highlighted. Decimals are rounded for display; each value links to the printed value and its source.

Tested configuration	Protocol and dataset	Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets)	Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, direct DMS assays only)	Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, indirect DMS assays only)	Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, SNV-accessible substitutions only)	Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS, SNV-accessible substitutions, missing predictions filled with the VEP's most benign score)	Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against the five top-ranked VEPs (column top_5_winrate; the five are not listed in the table), \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets)
ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Evaluation	Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets	56.7%	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	8.89%
ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Evaluation	Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, direct assays only	Not reported	61%	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Evaluation	Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, indirect assays only	Not reported	Not reported	53.1%	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Evaluation	Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions with gaps filled	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	58.6%	Not reported
ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)Evaluation	Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions only	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	56.5%	Not reported	Not reported

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Tested configuration	Protocol and dataset	Finding	Evidence and details
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	56.7% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: 33/36 human DMS datasets (one per protein) with predictions for this VEP scored ('proteins' column, cell CV41)	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S3', cell CU41 (row 'ProGen2', column 'rank_score')
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	8.89% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against the five top-ranked VEPs (column top_5_winrate; the five are not listed in the table), \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S3', cell CW41 (row 'ProGen2', column 'top_5_winrate')
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, direct assays only Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	61% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, direct DMS assays only) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, direct assays only Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, direct assays only Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S5', cell C48 (row 'ProGen2', column 'rank_score_direct')
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, indirect assays only Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	53.1% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, indirect DMS assays only) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, indirect assays only Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, indirect assays only Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S5', cell B48 (row 'ProGen2', column 'rank_score_indirect')
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions with gaps filled Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	58.6% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS, SNV-accessible substitutions, missing predictions filled with the VEP's most benign score) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: 33/36 human DMS datasets (one per protein) with predictions for this VEP scored ('proteins' column, cell C36)	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions with gaps filled Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions with gaps filled Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S7', cell B36 (row 'ProGen2', column 'rank_score')
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions only Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	56.5% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, SNV-accessible substitutions only) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: 33/36 human DMS datasets (one per protein) with predictions for this VEP scored ('proteins' column, cell C40)	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions only Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions only Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S6', cell B40 (row 'ProGen2', column 'rank_score')

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Release 2026-10-22-1b7cf027e4f6 · Record review: source checked

2 source records and release history

Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8) · Original source · 13059_2025_3575_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx as published with PMC12016141
Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Original source · PMC12016141 (published 2025-04-22; Genome Biol 26:104)

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Technical metadata and extraction receipts

Stable ID: vep-lit-20261014-config-livesey2025-progen2

areas: dna-genomes; proteins-complexes
contexts: research; clinical_research
method types: foundation_model
reported name: ProGen2
foundation model eligible: true
configuration type: paper_evaluation
version: Predictions obtained from https://github.com/salesforce/progen (Table S2 'Source'); release not stated
training overlap: Livesey and Marsh 2025 type: Population-free
access reuse: Livesey and Marsh obtained predictions from: https://github.com/salesforce/progen
source locator: Supplementary Material 2, Table S2 row 68 ('ProGen2'); printed label 'ProGen2' in Tables S3 and S5-S8
missing metadata: checkpoint: reason: unreported; note: Model size or checkpoint not stated in the paper
review: reviewer: claude; reviewer note: Claude review agent; no human review claimed. Independent Claude (Opus 5.5) review agent, separate from the extraction agent that built this batch. Automated review only. Transcription, not reproduction.; reviewed at: 2026-10-14T15:30:00Z; artifact sha256: 1b0d792d1a5d3daa95545a7973cabb131c45e42c952e7e5a447a72deef1d1e70; retrieval url: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1186%2Fs13059-025-03575-w/MediaObjects/13059_2025_3575_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx; method: ai-assisted-source-review; scope-review; method note: Descriptive fields, identity links and missing-metadata reasons checked against the cited sources.; note: Checked; see the dated review for rulings on identity and method type.
provenance note: ProGen2 as scored in the Livesey and Marsh 2025 VEP benchmark.

Related records

Tested configuration	Protocol and dataset	Finding	Evidence and details
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	56.7% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: 33/36 human DMS datasets (one per protein) with predictions for this VEP scored ('proteins' column, cell CV41)	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S3', cell CU41 (row 'ProGen2', column 'rank_score')
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	8.89% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against the five top-ranked VEPs (column top_5_winrate; the five are not listed in the table), \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, 36 human DMS sets) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, all 36 DMS sets Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S3', cell CW41 (row 'ProGen2', column 'top_5_winrate')
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, direct assays only Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	61% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, direct DMS assays only) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, direct assays only Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, direct assays only Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S5', cell C48 (row 'ProGen2', column 'rank_score_direct')
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, indirect assays only Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	53.1% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, indirect DMS assays only) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, indirect assays only Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, indirect assays only Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S5', cell B48 (row 'ProGen2', column 'rank_score_indirect')
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions with gaps filled Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	58.6% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS, SNV-accessible substitutions, missing predictions filled with the VEP's most benign score) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: 33/36 human DMS datasets (one per protein) with predictions for this VEP scored ('proteins' column, cell C36)	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions with gaps filled Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions with gaps filled Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S7', cell B36 (row 'ProGen2', column 'rank_score')
Configuration: ProGen2 (Livesey and Marsh 2025)	Protocol: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions only Dataset: Livesey and Marsh 2025 human DMS benchmark set (36 proteins)	56.5% Pairwise win rate (average pairwise win rate against all other VEPs, \|Spearman\| with DMS on shared variants, SNV-accessible substitutions only) percent · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source: Bootstrap standard deviations appear only as Figure 2 error bars; not printed Coverage: 33/36 human DMS datasets (one per protein) with predictions for this VEP scored ('proteins' column, cell C40)	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source ProGen2: Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions only Livesey and Marsh 2025 DMS benchmark: pairwise \|Spearman\| win rate, SNV-accessible substitutions only Aggregation: Not reported Livesey and Marsh 2025, Supplementary Material 2 (Tables S1-S8); Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) · Supplementary Material 2, sheet 'Table S6', cell B40 (row 'ProGen2', column 'rank_score')