Configuration

scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)

scFoundation embeddings in GEARS, fine-tuned on each benchmark dataset, as reproduced by the authors.

Overview

scFoundation embeddings in GEARS, fine-tuned on each benchmark dataset, as reproduced by the authors.

Consult the linked sources for architecture or protocol details. Missing evidence is not evidence of a missing capability.

Evaluations and results

4 evaluations · 20 results. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.

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Exact evaluated configurations and original reported results
Tested configuration	Protocol and dataset	Finding	Evidence and details
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Adamson et al. 2016 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRi single perturbations: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Adamson et al. 2016 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRi single perturbations (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.985 pearson-correlation unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Adamson (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-adamson-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell C16, row 'Adamson / scFoundation', column 'Pearson'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Adamson et al. 2016 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRi single perturbations: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Adamson et al. 2016 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRi single perturbations (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.969 pearson-correlation unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Adamson (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-adamson-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell D16, row 'Adamson / scFoundation', column 'Pearson DE'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Adamson et al. 2016 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRi single perturbations: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Adamson et al. 2016 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRi single perturbations (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.552 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Adamson (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-adamson-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell E16, row 'Adamson / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Adamson et al. 2016 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRi single perturbations: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Adamson et al. 2016 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRi single perturbations (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.719 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Adamson (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-adamson-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell F16, row 'Adamson / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta DE'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Adamson et al. 2016 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRi single perturbations: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Adamson et al. 2016 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRi single perturbations (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.78 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Adamson (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-adamson-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell H16, row 'Adamson / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta DE without KOd gene'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Norman et al. 2019 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRa single and double perturbations: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Norman et al. 2019 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRa single and double perturbations (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.966 pearson-correlation unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Norman (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-norman-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell C31, row 'Norman / scFoundation', column 'Pearson'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Norman et al. 2019 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRa single and double perturbations: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Norman et al. 2019 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRa single and double perturbations (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.924 pearson-correlation unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Norman (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-norman-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell D31, row 'Norman / scFoundation', column 'Pearson DE'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Norman et al. 2019 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRa single and double perturbations: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Norman et al. 2019 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRa single and double perturbations (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.459 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Norman (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-norman-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell E31, row 'Norman / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Norman et al. 2019 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRa single and double perturbations: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Norman et al. 2019 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRa single and double perturbations (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.705 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Norman (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-norman-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell F31, row 'Norman / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta DE'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Norman et al. 2019 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRa single and double perturbations: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Norman et al. 2019 Perturb-seq, K562 CRISPRa single and double perturbations (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.71 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Norman (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-norman-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell H31, row 'Norman / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta DE without KOd gene'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, K562 CRISPRi: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, K562 CRISPRi (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.977 pearson-correlation unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Replogle_K562 (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-replogle-k562-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell C46, row 'Replogle_K562 / scFoundation', column 'Pearson'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, K562 CRISPRi: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, K562 CRISPRi (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.952 pearson-correlation unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Replogle_K562 (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-replogle-k562-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell D46, row 'Replogle_K562 / scFoundation', column 'Pearson DE'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, K562 CRISPRi: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, K562 CRISPRi (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.269 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Replogle_K562 (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-replogle-k562-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell E46, row 'Replogle_K562 / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, K562 CRISPRi: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, K562 CRISPRi (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.383 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Replogle_K562 (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-replogle-k562-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell F46, row 'Replogle_K562 / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta DE'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, K562 CRISPRi: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, K562 CRISPRi (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.394 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Replogle_K562 (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-replogle-k562-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell H46, row 'Replogle_K562 / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta DE without KOd gene'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, RPE1 CRISPRi: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, RPE1 CRISPRi (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.971 pearson-correlation unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Replogle_RPE1 (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-replogle-rpe1-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell C61, row 'Replogle_RPE1 / scFoundation', column 'Pearson'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, RPE1 CRISPRi: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, RPE1 CRISPRi (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.912 pearson-correlation unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Replogle_RPE1 (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-replogle-rpe1-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell D61, row 'Replogle_RPE1 / scFoundation', column 'Pearson DE'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, RPE1 CRISPRi: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, RPE1 CRISPRi (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.471 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Replogle_RPE1 (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-replogle-rpe1-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell E61, row 'Replogle_RPE1 / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, RPE1 CRISPRi: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, RPE1 CRISPRi (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.495 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Replogle_RPE1 (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-replogle-rpe1-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell F61, row 'Replogle_RPE1 / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta DE'
Configuration: scFoundation (Csendes et al. 2025)	Protocol: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, RPE1 CRISPRi: unseen-perturbation expression prediction (Csendes et al. 2025 Supplementary Table 2) Dataset: Replogle et al. 2022 genome-wide Perturb-seq subset, RPE1 CRISPRi (GEARS processing, Csendes et al. 2025)	0.49 pearson-delta unitless · higher Uncertainty: Not reported by the source Coverage: Not reported scored / Not reported eligible	Independent external evaluation · Source checked Methods, coverage and source scFoundation on Replogle_RPE1 (Csendes et al. 2025) perturbation-response-20261009-protocol-csendes2025-replogle-rpe1-pex Aggregation: Not reported Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Supplementary Table 2, cell H61, row 'Replogle_RPE1 / scFoundation', column 'Pearson Delta DE without KOd gene'

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Benchmarking foundation cell models for post-perturbation RNA-seq prediction · Original source · BMC Genomics 26:393, published 2025-04-23; PMC12016270 full-text XML
Csendes et al. 2025, Supplementary Material 4 (Supplementary Tables 1-3) · Original source · 12864_2025_11600_MOESM4_ESM.xlsx from the Europe PMC supplementary bundle (hash is of the workbook; the bundle zip is rebuilt per request)

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Technical metadata and extraction receipts

Stable ID: perturbation-response-20261009-config-csendes2025-scfoundation

areas: cells-tissues
contexts: research
method types: foundation_model
reported name: scFoundation
source locator: Supplementary Table 2 column 'model'; Methods 'Foundation models' and 'Baseline models'
foundation model eligible: true
parameters: Pretrained scFoundation gene embeddings as input to GEARS, fine-tuned per dataset for 10 epochs with effective batch size 32
version: scFoundation repository commit 69b0710
model identity note: Methods 'Foundation models' give the scFoundation repository at commit 69b0710; the pretrained checkpoint is given only as 'the pretrained models from the original publications'. Fine-tuned for 10 epochs with effective batch size 32 instead of the default 15 epochs and 30.

Related records

configuration of: scFoundation
system: scFoundation on Adamson (Csendes et al. 2025)
system: scFoundation on Norman (Csendes et al. 2025)
system: scFoundation on Replogle_K562 (Csendes et al. 2025)
system: scFoundation on Replogle_RPE1 (Csendes et al. 2025)

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