Where one study disagrees with what other studies report for the same models, and what we are doing to resolve each case.
These are automatic leads, not findings of error. Each release, a check compares how every study ranks the models it shares with other studies. It flags a study that reverses the order the others agree on, or whose gap to a shared reference model lies well outside theirs. Different tasks, populations or metrics often explain a flag.
A flag never hides a result. Flagged results stay in every table, page and download, marked Contested. A result is withheld only when a reviewer marks it disputed.
ProteinGym: Large-Scale Benchmarks for Protein Fitness Prediction and Design ranks Tranception above ESM-2 in 16 of 18 comparisons; Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) ranks ESM-2 above Tranception in 7 of 7 comparisons. No other study gives a verdict, so neither is the outlier.
2 papers rank ESM-2 above Tranception in 9 of their 26 comparisons and Tranception higher in 16; 1 is a tie. Of those papers, ProteinGym ranks Tranception higher on its own (16 of 19).
Genome modelling and design across all domains of life with Evo 2: Supplementary Data 1, human variant effect prediction results (Nature 2026) ranks CADD above ESM-2 in 14 of 14 comparisons; Livesey and Marsh 2025, Genome Biology 26:104 (Europe PMC full text XML) ranks ESM-2 above CADD in 6 of 7 comparisons. No other study gives a verdict, so neither is the outlier.
2 papers rank ESM-2 above CADD in 6 of their 21 comparisons and CADD higher in 15. Of those papers, Genome modelling and design across all… ranks CADD higher on its own (14 of 14).